全文获取类型
收费全文 | 521篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 51篇 |
妇产科学 | 6篇 |
基础医学 | 28篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 46篇 |
内科学 | 140篇 |
皮肤病学 | 13篇 |
神经病学 | 34篇 |
外科学 | 114篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 11篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 56篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 26篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 5篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 12篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 11篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 36篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 18篇 |
1957年 | 8篇 |
1956年 | 10篇 |
1955年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
1948年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有539条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
TERUAKI HONGO CHIEKO WATANABE SHUICHI OKADA NORIKO INOUE SHUHEI YAJIMA YUJI FUJII TAKEHIKO OHZEKI 《Pediatrics international》2003,45(1):60-64
BACKGROUND: In an effort to improve the quality of life of children with cancer, this study analyzes the signs and symptoms at the end of life in such children. It is hoped that these data will contribute to the development of appropriate programs to address the challenges faced by these children. PROCEDURE: Between 1994 and 2000, 28 children died after treatment for cancer at Hamamatsu University Hospital, Japan. The circumstances, signs and symptoms at the end of life of these children were analyzed through their medical records. RESULTS: Of the 28 children, the underlying diseases were leukemia/lymphoma (LL group; n=11), brain tumors (BT group; n=7), and other solid tumors (OST group; n=10). Records showed poor appetite (100%), dyspnea (82.1%), pain (75.0%), fatigue (71.4%), nausea/vomiting (57.1%), constipation (46.4%) and diarrhea (21.4%) among these children. Anxiety was reported in 53.6% of the entire group of 28 children; however, no child in the BT group manifested anxiety. However, disturbance of consciousness was reported in all children in the BT group, which was significantly greater than in the other groups. Awareness, fear or acceptance of the imminence of his/her own death as indicated by verbal expression was reported in nine children (32.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Using the data obtained in the present study, we describe situations faced in the terminal care of children. It is important to address the problems revealed by this analysis in order to achieve improvements in both the physical and psychological care of children with terminal cancer. 相似文献
2.
FUMIYASU ENDO FUMIO MANABE HITOSHI TAKESHIMA HIDEYUKI AKAZA 《International journal of urology》2003,10(2):72-77
PURPOSE: The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of leuprorelin (LH-RH analog), on spermatogonia apoptosis induced by doxorubicin (DXR) in the Sprague-Dawley rat model. METHODS: Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into the following four groups: (i) control group; (ii) group given doxorubicin (intravenous injection, 8 mg/kg); (iii) group given leuprorelin (subcutaneous injection, 3 mg/kg); and (iv) group given both doxorubicin (intravenous injection, 8 mg/kg) and leuprorelin (subcutaneous injection, 3 mg/kg). Evaluation for quantification of apoptotic spermatogonia was made by the ratio of TUNEL-labeled spermatogonia versus 100 Sertoli cells in each seminiferous tubule. Two hundred seminiferous tubules of each rat were assessed. RESULTS: The ratio of apoptotic spermatogonia versus 100 Sertoli cells at stages II-IV of the groups given DXR (groups 2 and 4) were significantly higher than those of the other groups. However, the value at stages II-IV of the group given both DXR and leuprorelin (group 4) was significantly lower than that of the group given DXR (group 2). CONCLUSION: The significant prophylactic effect (P < 0.05) of LH-RH analog against doxorubicin-induced spermatogonial apoptosis was observed in a stage specific manner by microscopic evaluation with TUNEL. 相似文献
3.
4.
AKIHISA FUKUDA TORU KAJIYAMA HIROYUKI KISHIMOTO HIROAKI ARAKAWA HITOSHI SOMEDA MASAHIKO SAKAI HIROSHI SENO TSUTOMU CHIBA 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2006,20(1):46-50
Background: Bleeding is one of the main symptoms of internal hemorrhoids. However, the conventional Goligher's classification of internal hemorrhoids does not consider the severity of bleeding. We intended to establish a useful method for evaluating internal hemorrhoids using a colonoscope that reflected the severity of the symptoms.
Methods: Using a colonoscope in the retroflexed and forward viewing position, 104 patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids were evaluated based on the criteria of range, form and red color signs (RCS). Range was determined by the circumferential distribution of internal hemorrhoids and scaled from 0 to 4. Form was determined by size and scaled from 0 to 2. The presence of RCS was also evaluated. Symptoms were determined by interview and scaled from 0 to 3. Patients were treated by endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and were examined endoscopically before and 4 weeks after the treatment.
Results: Before the treatment, range, form and RCS were significantly correlated to bleeding ( P < 0.01), and form was significantly correlated to prolapse ( P < 0.05). The endoscopic classification scores at 4 weeks after EBL improved significantly (range from 3.25 ± 0.05–0.56 ± 0.08 [ P < 0.01] and form from 2.81 ± 0.04–0.56 ± 0.07 P < 0.01).
Conclusion: The new endoscopic classification of internal hemorrhoids proved to be closely correlated to symptoms, particularly bleeding, and thus highly useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment. 相似文献
Methods: Using a colonoscope in the retroflexed and forward viewing position, 104 patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids were evaluated based on the criteria of range, form and red color signs (RCS). Range was determined by the circumferential distribution of internal hemorrhoids and scaled from 0 to 4. Form was determined by size and scaled from 0 to 2. The presence of RCS was also evaluated. Symptoms were determined by interview and scaled from 0 to 3. Patients were treated by endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and were examined endoscopically before and 4 weeks after the treatment.
Results: Before the treatment, range, form and RCS were significantly correlated to bleeding ( P < 0.01), and form was significantly correlated to prolapse ( P < 0.05). The endoscopic classification scores at 4 weeks after EBL improved significantly (range from 3.25 ± 0.05–0.56 ± 0.08 [ P < 0.01] and form from 2.81 ± 0.04–0.56 ± 0.07 P < 0.01).
Conclusion: The new endoscopic classification of internal hemorrhoids proved to be closely correlated to symptoms, particularly bleeding, and thus highly useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment. 相似文献
5.
TOSHIYASU SAKANE MOTOHIRO AKIZUKI YOKO TAKI SHINJI YAMASHITA HITOSHI SEZAKI TANEKAZU NADAI 《The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology》1995,47(5):379-381
To clarify the relationship between the direct transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the molecular weight of the drug, the transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (FD) with various molecular weights was investigated. FDs (average molecular weights 4400 (FD4); 9400 (FD10); 18 900 (FD20); 40 500 Da (FD40)) were administered nasally or intravenously to rats, and the concentrations in the plasma and the CSF were measured and compared. None of the FDs were detected in the CSF after intravenous administration. However, FD4, FD10 and FD20 were observed to appear in the CSF after nasal administration, whereas the concentration in the plasma was much lower than that after intravenous administration. FD40 was not detected even after nasal administration. In addition, the concentration of these FDs in the CSF decreased with the increase in the molecular weight of FDs. These findings show that drugs with a molecular weight up to at least 20 000 Da can be directly transported from the nasal cavity to the CSF and that the transport of FDs to the CSF is dependent on their molecular weights. 相似文献
6.
In order to examine the effect of growth hormone on urinary pyridinoline excretion, 32 patients with complete or partial growth hormone deficiency had their urinary pyridinoline excretion measured while receiving growth hormone and for 14 days after it was discontinued. There was a significant positive correlation between increases in growth velocities during the first year of growth hormone administration compared to before it, and the ratio of the urinary pyridinoline excretion levels while receiving growth hormone to those after discontinuation. Therefore, urinary pyridinoline excretion rapidly decreased in patients with growth hormone deficiency when the administration of growth hormone was stopped. Exogenous growth hormone appears to stimulate bone resorption in these patients. 相似文献
7.
Haruhiro INOUE Yukihiko MURAOKA Kimiya TAKESHITA Narihide GOSEKI Mitsuo ENDO 《Digestive endoscopy》1993,5(3):289-292
Abstract: Since April 1991, we have studied 160 patients who had had a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Nine patients who presented with chronic cholecystitis with severe local adhesion and who were also considered to require a longer operative time were selected as suitable candidates for this procedure. They were successfully treated under a zero- to four-mmHg low-pressured pneumoperitoneum procedure combined with total abdominal wall lifting using a disposable, flexible vinyl tube retractor. This method enabled exactly the same clear laparoscopic vision as is possible in the routinely-used high-pressure pneumoperitoneum even in the marginal portions of the abdominal cavity. Moreover, it facilitated early reinsufflation after the cauterization-produced smoke was exhausted, which minimized the operative time and reduced the surgeon's anxiety concerning the maintenance of a sufficiently airtight condition. We believe that this low-pressure pneumopeqitoneum procedure also benefits the poor-risk patient who has restricted cardiopulmonary function, especially during advanced laparoscopic surgery which requires a longer operative and anesthetic time. 相似文献
8.
Production of IL-6 by T cells from the femoral head of patients with rapidly destructive coxopathy (RDC) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
M. TAMAI K. SAGAWA R. KAWABATA A. INOUE K. ITOH 《Clinical and experimental immunology》1996,103(3):506-513
RDC is a syndrome with unknown etiology that causes rapid destruction of a hip joint. We have investigated the production of osteoclast-activating cytokines (IL-6, IL-1α and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-8 by T cells in the affected joint. The level of IL-6 produced by the T cell lines (TCL) established from the femoral head was significantly higher than that from patients' or healthy donors' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IL-6 production by the TCL from synovial membrane or from patients' PBMC was also significantly higher than that from healthy donors' PBMC. IL-1α production by the TCL from the femoral head was significantly higher than any of the other groups when all the TCL were used for the analysis. TNF-α production was highest in the TCL from patients' PBMC. The levels of IFN-γ or IL-8 were not significantly different among these four groups. The plasma levels of all these cytokines except for IFN-γ, that was rather lower, in RDC patients were not significantly different from those in osteoarthrosis or trauma patients, or healthy donors. These results suggest that T cells at the affected femoral head, and also synovial membrane to some extent, are involved in bone resorption through the production of IL-6 and probably IL-1α in patients with RDC. 相似文献
9.
TANAKA ISAO; INOUE MASAHARU; MATSUI YASUO; ORITSU SATORU; AKIYAMA OSAMU; TAKEMURA TAMIKO; FUJIWARA MUTSUNORI; KODAMA TETSURO; SHIMOSATO YUKIO 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》1986,16(1):77-86
A case of "sclerosing hemangionia" (pneumocytoma) of the lungwith lymph node metastasis is reported. A 22-year-old Japaneseman was found to have a well-defined round lesion in the rightlung (S7), which increased in size slightly during a 2-yearfollow-up period. He underwent right lower lobectomy with a preoperative diagnosisof a benign lung tumor. The pulmonary tumor revealed histologicalfeatures characteristic of "sclerosing hemangioma" of the lung,in addition to which there were many large polygonal foamy cells,forming tubular or papillary structures. These cells were foundby electron microscopy to contain numerous cytoplasmic lamellarbodies and showed a positive reaction with anti-surfactant apoproteinantibody immunohistochemically. Therefore, they were consideredto be cells differentiating toward type II pneumocytes. Reviewof 21 typical "sclerosing hemangionia" disclosed a few or somesuch foamy cells in 10 cases. A single hilar lymph node wasthe site of microscopic metastases, which consisted of "largeclear foamy cells" and smaller polygonal or round cells withslightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, both of which were componentsof the pulmonary "sclerosing hemangioma" This case supportsthe theory that "sclerosing hemangioma" is a neoplasm of typeII pneumocyte lineage. Although it is said to be benign, rarecases apparently show metastatic potential. 相似文献
10.
Ryo KANEMATSU Junya HANAKITA Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI Manabu MINAMI Tomoo INOUE Fumiaki HONDA 《Neurologia medico-chirurgica》2021,61(1):40
Posterior stabilization is a common surgical procedure, which aims for rigid stabilization by facet fusion. Facet non-union has a potential risk of the screw loosening and malalignment. Although some authors have reported the influencing factors about screw loosening in the lumbar spine, there are few reports about the risk factor contributing to the facet non-union in the cervical spine. In all, 22 patients (78 facets and 122 screws) with degenerative cervical kyphosis or spondylolisthesis who underwent decompression and lateral mass screw (LMS) fixation were analyzed. Age, gender, smoking, bone mineral density (BMD), the degree of facet decortication with bone packing, and screw loosening were investigated as risk factors contributing to the facet non-union at each segmental fused level. Facet fusion rate was 85.9% (67/78 facets) and the incidence of loosening was 4.9% (6/122 screws, 4 patients). Insufficient facet decortication with bone packing is a significant risk factor of facet non-union (p <0.05, odds ratio: 26.5). All six loosened screws were associated with bony non-union of the facet and were located in the uppermost or lowermost vertebrae. Comparing loosened screws and stable screws, the average maximal insertional screw torque (MIT) was 9.8 cNm and 39.5 cNm, respectively (p <0.05). Additionally, the length of the stable screws was significantly longer versus the loosened screws (p <0.05). Lower MIT and shorter screw length located near the ends of the lateral mass may predict loosening, which can lead to facet non-union. Sufficient facet decortication with bone packing is one of the important factors contributing to the facet fusion. 相似文献