Willingness to Self-Collect a Sample for HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in a Well-Screened Cohort: HPV FOCAL Survey Results

Self-collection may provide an opportunity for innovation within population-based human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer screening programs by providing an alternative form of engagement for all individuals. The primary objective was to determine willingness to self-collect a vaginal sample for primary HPV screening and factors that impact willingness in individuals who participated in the Human Papillomavirus For Cervical Cancer (HPV FOCAL) screening trial, a large randomized controlled cervical screening trial. A cross-sectional online survey was distributed between 2017 and 2018 to 13,176 eligible participants exiting the FOCAL trial. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression assessed factors that influence willingness to self-collect on 4945 respondents. Overall, 52.1% of respondents indicated willingness to self-collect an HPV sample. In multivariable analysis, the odds of willingness to self-collect were significantly higher in participants who agreed that screening with an HPV test instead of a Pap test was acceptable to them (odds ratio (OR): 1.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.82), those who indicated that collecting their own HPV sample was acceptable to them (p < 0.001), and those with higher educational ascertainment (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.54). The findings offer insight into the intentions to self-collect in those already engaged in screening, and can inform cervical cancer screening programs interested in offering alternative approaches to HPV-based screening.     

Sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions,compulsive behaviors and substance use in a screened Canadian national sample

Objective

This study examined sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions, compulsive behaviors (i.e., gambling, suicide thoughts and attempts) and substance use in a nationally representative sample.

Method

Data from participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 who completed the Eating Attitudes Test (n= 5116) were analyzed. Sex differences were compared among psychiatric comorbidities according to eating disorder risk, binging, vomiting and dieting behavior. Poisson regression analysis provided prevalence ratios (PRs) of disordered eating adjusting for age, marital status, income, body mass index and recent distress.

Results

Pronounced sex differences were associated with eating disorder risk (PRs 4.89–11.04; all P values < .0001). Findings of particular interest included significantly higher PRs for eating disorder risk in males associated with gambling (PR 5.07, P< .0001) and for females associated with steroid and inhalant use as well as suicide thoughts and attempts (PRs 5.40–5.48, all P values < .0001).

Discussion

The findings from this detailed exploration of sex differences and eating disorder risk among psychiatric conditions, compulsive behaviors and substance use suggest that problem gambling, the use of inhalants and steroids and suicidal ideation in relationship to eating disorder risk warrant further investigation.     

Sentinel Node Biopsy Should Not be Routine in Older Patients with ER-Positive HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Who Are Willing and Able to Take Hormone Therapy

Annals of Surgical Oncology - The SSO Choosing Wisely campaign recommended selective sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in clinically node-negative women aged ≥ 70 years with ER+ breast...     

Using proliferative markers and Oncotype DX in therapeutic decision-making for breast cancer: the B.C. experience

Background

Proliferative scoring of breast tumours can guide treatment recommendations, particularly for estrogen receptor (er)–positive, her2-negative, T1–2, N0 disease. Our objectives were to

• □ estimate the proportion of such patients for whom proliferative indices [mitotic count (mc), Ki-67 immunostain, and Oncotype dx (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA, U.S.A.) recurrence score (rs)] were obtained.
• □ compare the indices preferred by oncologists with the indices available to them.
• □ correlate Nottingham grade (ng) and its subcomponents with Oncotype dx.
• □ assess interobserver variation.

Methods

All of the er-positive, her2-negative, T1–2, N0 breast cancers diagnosed from 2007 to 2011 (n = 5110) were linked to a dataset of all provincial breast cancers with a rs. A 5% random sample of the 5110 cancers was reviewed to estimate the proportion that had a mc, Ki-67 index, and rs. Correlation coefficients were calculated for the rs with ng subcomponent scores. Interobserver variation in histologic grading between outside and central review pathology reports was assessed using a weighted kappa test.

Results

During 2007–2011, most cancers were histologically graded and assigned a mc; few had a Ki-67 index or rs. The ng and mc were significantly positively correlated with rs. The level of agreement in histologic scoring between outside and central pathology reports was good or very good. Very few cases with a low mc had a high rs (1.8%).

Conclusions

Patients with low ng and mc scores are unlikely to have a high rs, and thus are less likely to benefit from chemotherapy. In the context of limited resources, that finding can guide clinicians about when a rs adds the most value.     

Current Attitudes toward Unfunded Cancer Therapies among Canadian Medical Oncologists

Background: Despite successes in the development of innovative anticancer therapies, the fiscal and capacity restraints of the Canadian public healthcare system result in challenges with drug access. A meaningful proportion of systemic therapies ultimately do not receive public funding despite supporting clinical evidence. In this study, we assessed Canadian medical oncologists’ current attitudes toward discussing publicly unfunded cancer treatments with patients and predictors of different practices. Methods: A web-based survey consisting of multiple choice and case-based scenarios was distributed to medical oncologists identified through the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada directory. Results: A total of 116 responses were received. Almost all respondents reported discussing publicly unfunded treatments, including those who did so for Health Canada (HC) approved treatments (50%) and those who discussed off-label treatments (i.e., not HC approved) as guided by national guidelines (48%). Respondents in practice for over 15 years versus less than 5 years (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04–0.50, p = 0.002) and those who worked in a community practice versus comprehensive cancer center (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.91, p = 0.04) were significantly less likely to discuss off-label treatment options with their patients. Almost half of respondents (47%) indicated that their institution did not permit the administration of unfunded treatments. Conclusions: There is variability in medical oncologists’ practices when it comes to discussing unfunded therapies. Given the limitations within Canada’s publicly funded healthcare system, physicians are faced with the challenge of navigating an increasingly complex balance between patient care and available resources. Engagement of relevant stakeholders and policy makers is crucial in the continued evaluation of Canada’s drug funding process.     

Type and timing of systemic therapy use predict overall survival for patients with brain metastases treated with radiation therapy

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - This study aimed to investigate whether systemic therapy (ST) use surrounding radiation therapy (RT) predicts overall survival (OS) after RT for patients with brain...     

HPV for cervical cancer screening (HPV FOCAL): Complete Round 1 results of a randomized trial comparing HPV‐based primary screening to liquid‐based cytology for cervical cancer

Complete Round 1 data (baseline and 12‐month follow‐up) for HPV FOCAL, a randomized trial establishing the efficacy of HPV DNA testing with cytology triage as a primary screen for cervical cancer are presented. Women were randomized to one of three arms: Control arm – Baseline liquid‐based cytology (LBC) with ASCUS results triaged with HPV testing; Intervention and Safety arms – Baseline HPV with LBC triage for HPV positives. Results are presented for 15,744 women allocated to the HPV (intervention and safety combined) and 9,408 to the control arms. For all age cohorts, the CIN3+ detection rate was higher in the HPV (7.5/1,000; 95%CI: 6.2, 8.9) compared to the control arm (4.6/1,000; 95%CI: 3.4, 6.2). The CIN2+ detection rates were also significantly higher in the HPV (16.5/1,000; 95%CI: 14.6, 18.6) vs. the control arm (10.1/1,000; 95%CI: 8.3, 12.4). In women ≥35 years, the overall detection rates for CIN2+ and CIN3+ were higher in the HPV vs. the control arm (CIN2+:10.0/1,000 vs. 5.2/1,000; CIN3+: 4.2/1,000 vs. 2.2/1,000 respectively, with a statistically significant difference for CIN2+). HPV testing detected significantly more CIN2+ in women 25–29 compared to LBC (63.7/1,000; 95%CI: 51.9, 78.0 vs. 32.4/1,000; 95%CI: 22.3, 46.8). HPV testing resulted in significantly higher colposcopy referral rates for all age cohorts (HPV: 58.9/1,000; 95%CI: 55.4, 62.7 vs. control: 30.9/1,000; 95%CI: 27.6, 34.6). At completion of Round 1 HPV‐based cervical cancer screening in a population‐based program resulted in greater CIN2+ detection of across all age cohorts compared to LBC screening.