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Flemming M. Nilsson Birgitte L. Hansen Christian Büchel Wagner F. Gattaz Jes Gerlach 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》1996,246(2):71-77
Digital movment analysis (DMA) is a new instrumental approach to assessing oral tardive dyskinesia (TD) by means of digital image processing of a video signal, tracking five paper dots placed around the patient's mouth. A total of 40 schizophrenic patients, 30 with and 10 without TD, were examined twice (with a 3-month interval) with this new device. The patients were further examined with two TD rating scales: the St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes (SHRS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).The schizophrenic patients accepted the instrumental assessment without any anxiety or resistance. The internal relibility of the apparatus was high, with correlation coefficients of 0.80–0.99. The DMA TD values correlated with the SHRS and AIMS scores with correlation coefficients of 0.48–0.73 indicating an acceptable, although not strong, concurrent validity. Fluctuations occurred from the first to the second examination independent of medication. For these fluctuations no correlation was found between DMA values and rating scores. Finally, the DMA device was able to detect perioral tremor as a sign of parkinsonism.It has been concluded that DMA is a useful supplement to classical TD rating, although further validity evaluation is warranted. 相似文献
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H. -J. Möller H. M. van Praag B. Aufdembrinke P. Bailey T. R. E. Barnes J. Beck H. Bentsen F. X. Eich L. Farrow W. W. Fleischhacker J. Gerlach K. Grafford B. Hentschel A. Hertkorn S. Heylen Y. Lecrubier J. P. Leonard P. McKenna W. Maier V. Pedersen A. Rappard W. Rein J. Ryan M. Sloth Nielsen R. -D. Stieglitz G. Wegener J. Wilson 《Psychopharmacology》1994,115(1-2):221-228
There is little agreement about the methodology of clinical trials of antipsychotic drugs in patients with negative symptoms. A literature review revealed wide variation in experimental design, rating scales and study duration. This reflects differing views as to the definition and response to treatment of negative symptoms. Some degree of standardization would improve comparability of studies and aid the development of new compounds. Patients included in such studies should have displayed negative symptoms for at least 6 months. Depressive symptoms, positive schizophrenic symptoms and extrapyramidal signs may all influence or be confused with negative symptoms and may respond to treatment; they should be at a low level at baseline and should be measured during the study period. Studies should last at least 8 weeks. Several scales are available for measuring negative symptoms and are reviewed; a global impression score should be used additionally. 相似文献
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J. Mäurer A. Kendzia H. Gerlach D. Pappert J. Hierholzer K. J. Falke R. Felix 《Intensive care medicine》1998,24(11):1152-1156
Objective: To determine whether the quality of infiltrations in chest radiographs can accurately predict the histological extent of
fibrotic change in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Design: Retrospective clinical investigation. Setting: Intensive care unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital. Patients and methods: Of 47 patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe ARDS over a 5-year period, 23 patients
underwent open lung biopsy at thoracotomy for treatment, mostly of pneumothorax. Chest films obtained by portable chest roentgenography
preceding the operation were reviewed retrospectively and compared to the histomorphological results of the lung specimen.
Results: Chest radiographs displayed mixed alveolar-reticular opacification in 60.2 %, alveolar patterns in 22.9 % and reticular
opacities in 10.5 %. In 0.4 % there were no infiltrates, 6 % could not be evaluated because of insufficient quality. There
was no relevant difference between the right and left lungs. Subdividing patients into two groups according to the histological
results of either absent or mild (1) or severe (2) lung fibrosis, we found an alveolar haziness in 12.3 % in group 1 compared
with 28.2 % in group 2, while reticular characteristics were identified in 13 % and 11 %, respectively. Conclusions: The most common opacity in chest radiographs of patients with severe ARDS treated with ECMO is mixed alveolar-reticular
opacification. Severe lung fibrosis is not positively correlated with a reticular radiographic pattern. ECMO does not lead
to specific radiological changes in conventional radiograms, contrary to clinical findings that treatment with ECMO might
induce pleural or pulmonic haemorrhage, especially in the earlier days when systemic heparinization had to be used instead
of the heparin-coated tube-surfacing.
Received: 24 November 1997 Accepted: 20 July 1998 相似文献
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The modulation of drug metabolising enzymes by Masheri extract (ME) and Benzo(a)Pyrene [B(a)P] was studied in male Sprague Dawley rats fed different dietary protein levels. Two groups of 21 days old male Sprague Dawley rats were put on a high protein diet (SHP) with 20% Casein, and a low protein diet (SLP) with 3% Casein semisynthetic based diets for 12 weeks. The SLP fed animals showed lower basal levels of the Phase I activating enzymes viz. Cytochrome P450, Benzo(a)Pyrene hydroxylase, Benzphetamine demethylase and Phase II glutathione detoxification system viz. Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione-S-transferase. ME and B(a)P treatment significantly depleted the glutathione detoxification system in the SLP group whereas an opposite effect was observed in the SHP group. Interstingly, ME and B(a)P treated rats in the SLP group showed a higher percent increase in the hepatic and pulmonary Phase I enzyme activities than those observed in the treated ME/B(a)P treated SHP rats. Furthermore, both ME and B(a)P significantly decreased the hepatic pool of vitamin A while a concomittant increase in that of vitamin C was observed. 相似文献
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In rodents, serotonin (5-HT) antagonists counteract behavioral and biochemical effects of neuroleptic drugs. Therefore, we have studied the effect of different 5-HT drugs and one anticholinergic drug in acute dystonia in five cebus monkeys chronically treated with haloperidol. Acute dystonia induced by subcutaneous injections of haloperidol was slightly reduced by the 5-HT antagonist methysergide (4.0 mg/kg), while mianserin, ketanserin, and ritanserin (R 55 667; a new selective and potent 5-HT receptor blocker) had no effect. This was contrasted by the marked antidystonic effect of the anticholinergic drug biperiden (0.05-1.0 mg/kg). The 5-HT agonist citalopram, a specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, had no significant effect. It is concluded that 5-HT antagonists have no useful effect in neuroleptic-induced dystonia. 相似文献
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