A report of pregnancy following ICSI in one of two sisters with familiar primary ciliary dyskinesia

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a disorder of structure and function of motor ciliary and dyskinetic activity of ciliary in the fallopian tubes of affected women and could lead to infertility in some cases. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a choice of treatment in infertile women with PCD, which could conquer the tubal dysfunction. In this case study, we report a PCD affected woman with infertility who was treated by IVF and pregnancy was achieved but it failed due to the spontaneous abortion. We also performed whole-exome sequencing for this case and her PCD-affected sister, which did not reveal any genetic abnormality related to the PCD or infertility.     

Sleep quality and its relationship with quality of life among high-risk pregnant women (gestational diabetes and hypertension)

Background: Sleep is one of the most basic human requirements. This research aims at determining the status of sleep quality and its relationship with quality of life among high-risk pregnant women in Tabriz, Iran, in 2015.

Materials and methods: This research was a sectional study done on 364 qualified women in 28–36 weeks of pregnancy suffering from mild preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. The sampling was done as convenience. Personal–social–midwifery questionnaire, Pittsburg sleep quality, and quality of life in pregnancy (QOL-ORAV) were used for gathering data. Multivariate linear regression model was used for determining the relationship between sleep quality and its subsets with quality of life and controlling confounders.

Findings: In the current study, the prevalence of sleep disturbance was 96.4%. Mean (SD) of the total score of sleep quality was 10.1 (4.1) and the total score of quality of life was 61.7 (17.3). According to Pearson’s correlation test, there was statistically significant relationship between quality of life and sleep quality and all its subsets except sleep duration and use of sleep medication (p?Discussion: The findings of current research show that sleep quality is low among high-risk pregnant women and quality of life is medium. So, it is necessary that required training is given by health cares for improving sleep quality and quality of life to mothers.     

Evaluation of the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on tocophobia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Non-medical approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been proposed for the management of tocophobia. A new method of performing CBT is through internet. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of internet-based and traditional CBT on tocophobia. A literature search was conducted on qualitative and quantitative articles from 2000 to 2019 in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases using search terms referring to tocophobia and CBT. Identified articles were screened in two steps; 1) title and abstract and 2) full text screening. The quality of the quantitative and qualitative studies was assessed using the quality criteria proposed by the Cochrane Collaboration and Jonna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist respectively. Out of the 382 relevant studies, 9 studies were eligible for the review. A high level of heterogeneity was observed in the studies (I² = 94%, P < 0.001). The meta-analysis showed that both internet-based, and traditional CBT were effective in reducing tocophobia. CBT was more effective in interventions in the Middle Eastern compared to European countries. More than five CBT sessions could significantly reduce tocophobia. Healthcare providers and midwives should have basic knowledge on physiological interventions to reduce tocophobia.     

Maternal self-efficacy,postpartum depression,and their relationship with functional status in Iranian mothers

ABSTRACT

Readiness to care for family, infant, and self are important during the postpartum period. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships of self-efficacy and postpartum depressive symptoms with functional status in randomly sampled Iranian mothers (n = 437). The study was cross-sectional and conducted in 2015. The mean (SD) of the total functional status score was 2.3 (0.2) out of a possible score of 1–4. The maximum and minimum scores in infant care were 4.0 and 2.2 and, in social and community activity, levels were 3.5 and 1.0, respectively. Significant inverse correlations were observed between postpartum depressive symptoms and total scores for functional status, self-care, and levels of social and community activity. A significant positive relationship was observed between self-efficacy and functional status and all of its subscales. In the multivariate linear regression model, postpartum depressive symptoms, nulliparity, and low income were significantly negatively related with functional status; maternal self-efficacy, having a spouse aged 26–35 years, high school diploma, lower educational level, and the spouse’s job (shopkeeper) were significantly positively correlated with functional status. Early diagnosis and treatment of depressive symptoms and promotion of maternal self-efficacy may improve overall functional status of mothers in the postpartum.     

In vitro study of surface alterations to polyetheretherketone and titanium and their effect upon human gingival fibroblasts

Statement of problemSoft-tissue attachment to different surfaces may play a pivotal role in the long-term success of dental implants. However, studies on the issue, especially on newer materials, are sparse.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the viability and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on different implant abutment materials with specific surface modifications.Material and methodsOne hundred and fifty specimens in 6 experimental groups were evaluated: smooth-machined titanium alloy (Ti), laser-modified titanium (TiL), smooth-machined polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (P), laser-modified PEEK (PL), plasma-treated PEEK (PP), laser- and plasma-treated PEEK (PLP). Machined Ti was considered as the control group. Surface roughness (S_a), water contact angle (WCA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were measured. HGF attachment and proliferation were observed at 1, 3, and 7 days after cell seeding. Comparison of the means among the groups was performed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc comparison using the Tukey test (α=.05).ResultsS_a values of the laser modified groups were significantly higher than those of the nonmodified (smooth-machined) groups (P<.001). WCAs were significantly different among PEEK groups, and plasma-sprayed groups had the lowest WCAs. XPS analysis of both Ti and PEEK groups showed laser treatment did not have any significant effect on the surface composition of the PEEK as the same bonds with similar ratio/fraction were detected in the spectrum of the modified specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed more functionally oriented HGF cells on the laser-grooved surfaces. On the first, third, and seventh day of proliferation, the titanium groups showed no significant differences (P>.05). On the first and third days of proliferation, the plasma sprayed groups (PP, PLP) showed significantly greater proliferation than all experimental groups (P<.001). On the seventh day of proliferation, statistically significant differences were observed between all PEEK groups and between all PEEK groups and the Ti group (P<.001), with the exception of the PL and P groups and the PLP and Ti groups (P>.05).ConclusionsLaser-modified titanium and PEEK surfaces led to guided gingival fibroblast attachment. Plasma treatment of PEEK surfaces increased the wettability of this polymer and improved proliferation of HGF.     

Improved bone regeneration through amniotic membrane loaded with buccal fat pad-derived MSCs as an adjuvant in maxillomandibular reconstruction

BackgroundHuman amniotic membranes (HAMs), as a biological membrane with healing, osteogenic, and cell therapy potential, has been in the spotlight to enhance the outcomes of treating bone defects. Present study aims to clinically assess the potential of HAM loaded with buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (BFSCs) as an osteogenic coverage for onlay bone grafts to maxillomandibular bone defects.Materials and methodsNine patients with jaw bone defects were enrolled in the present study. The patients were allocated to two study groups: Iliac crest bone graft with HAM coverage (n = 5), and Iliac bone grafts covered with HAM loaded with BFSCs (n = 4). Five months following the grafting and prior to implant placement, cone beam computed tomography was performed for radiomorphometric analysis.ResultsThe mean increase in bone width was found to be significantly greater in the HAM + BFSCs group (4.42 ± 1.03 mm versus 3.07 ± 0.73 mm, p < 0.05). Further, the changes in vertical dimension were greater in the HAM + BFSCs group (4.66 ± 1.06 mm versus 4.14 ± 1.03 mm, p > 0.05).ConclusionCombined use of HAM with mesenchymal stem cells may enhance bone regeneration specifically in the horizontal dimension. Moreover, this methodology reduces the amount of harvested autogenous bone and diminish secondary bone resorption.     

The effect of jaw relaxation on pain anxiety during burn dressings: Randomised clinical trial

Aim

The purpose of this randomised clinical trial (RCT) was to determine the effect of jaw relaxation on pain anxiety related to dressing changes in burn injuries.

Introduction

Patients hospitalised with burns experience high levels of anticipatory anxiety during dressing changes, which cannot be completely managed by anxiolytic drugs. Nurses as members of the burn care team contribute to pain management by using relaxation techniques as one of the most frequently used approaches to pain anxiety management. However, there is not enough information about the effects of these techniques on pain anxiety of patients with burns. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of jaw relaxation on pain anxiety related to dressing changes in burn injuries.

Methods

It was a randomised clinical trial with a control group. A total of 100 patients hospitalised in Shahid Motahari Burn Centre affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups using minimisation. With institutional approval and written consent, the experimental group practiced jaw relaxation for 20 min before entering the dressing room. Data were collected by the Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS) during July–December 2009 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)-PC (17).

Results

An independent t-test showed no significant difference between mean pain anxiety scores in the experimental and control group before intervention (p = 0.787). A dependent t-test showed significantly less pain anxiety after intervention (before dressing) in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the independent t-test showed that the post-dressing pain anxiety of the experimental group was less than the control group (p < 0.05). However, the dependent t-test showed no significant difference between before and after dressing pain anxiety (after intervention) in the experimental group (p = 0.303).

Conclusion

Nurses can independently decrease the pain anxiety of patients with burns and its subsequent physical and psychological burden by teaching the simple and inexpensive technique of jaw relaxation. Further research is needed to study the effect of this technique on pain anxiety of patients suffering from other painful procedures.     

Gender differences among homeless people in Tehran,Iran

Aim

Gender differences among homeless people may affect the frequency of their risky behaviours. This study was conducted to evaluate the behaviour patterns of homeless men and women in Tehran and compare the probable differences.

Subject and methods

In this study, 593 homeless people were recruited from five centres that house homeless people in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to study behavioural patterns.

Results

In this study, homeless people (513 males and 80 females, all Iranian nationals) were enrolled in the study from June to August 2012. Mean age and mean duration of homelessness among women (35.46 and 12.68 months) were lower than those among men (42.74 and 56.85 months) (p?=?0.001). Although lifetime history of incarceration in men was higher than in women (p?=?0.002), mean duration of imprisonment in the last 10 years in men (21.25 months) and women (17.76 months) was not statistically different (p?=?0.07). Accommodation locality in the past 6 months varied between men and women. Women were current drug users more often than men were (61.53 % versus 45.26 %) (p?=?0.02). The type of drug consumption in women (methamphetamine) differed from that of men (opium and heroin). More men had a history of injecting drugs than did women (30.02 % versus 12.30 %) (p?=?0.003). Condom use at the last sexual encounter was reported to be higher in women compared to men (74.60 % versus 26.62 %) (p?=?0.001).

Conclusion

This study showed notable differences in behaviour patterns between homeless men and women and also indicated that homeless people in Tehran exhibit many risky behaviours.     

A multimodal MR-compatible olfactometer with real-time controlling capability

Abstract

Design of an MR-compatible and computer-controlled odour stimuli system is essential in the studies of human olfactory function. Olfactometers are used to deliver odours to the subjects in an objective manner. We present a portable, computer-controlled eight channels olfactometer able to stimulate olfaction by employing liquid odorant stimuli. We used a high-pressure pump to generate medical grade airflow. After passing through solenoid valve-controlled odour reservoirs, odorant stimulus is conveyed to the nasal mask. The odour delivery delay of the device was measured using photo-ionisation detectors. To assess the application of the designed olfactometer, an fMRI experiment was done with 9 healthy subjects. Two odour stimuli (Vanillin and Rose) were presented to each subject in an alternating block design task of odour and non-odour conditions. The response time of each subject was gathered using the response box. Group analysis revealed a significant BOLD signal change in some regions of olfactory and trigeminal networks including the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus and piriform cortex. The odour delivery delay measured by photo-ionisation detector was 190?ms, and the subjects’ response showed 205?ms for the Vanillin and 243?ms for the Rose odour stimuli. Our portable MR-compatible olfactometer as a stimulation device is capable of creating adequate stimulation suitable for olfactory fMRI experiments.