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Katharina Rifai Selam W. Habtegiorgis Caroline Erlenwein Siegfried Wahl 《Journal of vision》2020,20(13)
Spatially varying distortions (SVDs) are common artifacts of spectacles like progressive additional lenses (PALs). To habituate to distortions of PALs, the visual system has to adapt to distortion-induced image alterations, termed skew adaptation. But how this visual adjustment is achieved is largely unknown. This study examines the properties of visual adaptation to distortions of PALs in natural scenes. The visual adaptation in response to altered form and motion features of the natural stimuli were probed in two different psychophysical experiments. Observers were exposed to distortions in natural images, and form and motion aftereffects were tested subsequently in a constant stimuli procedure where subjects were asked to judge the skew, or the motion direction of an according test stimulus.Exposure to skewed natural stimuli induced a shift in perceived undistorted form as well as motion direction, when viewing distorted dynamic natural scenes, and also after exposure to static distorted natural images. Therefore, skew adaptation occurred in form and motion for dynamic visual scenes as well as static images. Thus, specifically in the condition of static skewed images and the test feature of motion direction, cortical interactions between motion-form processing presumably contributed to the adaptation process.In a nutshell, interfeature cortical interactions constituted the adaptation process to distortion of PALs. Thus, comprehensive investigation of adaptation to distortions of PALs would benefit from taking into account content richness of the stimuli to be used, like natural images. 相似文献
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Association Between Genetic Polymorphisms and Pain Sensitivity in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis 下载免费PDF全文
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This study investigated change in the distribution of lumbar erector spinae muscle activity and pressure pain sensitivity across the low back in individuals with low back pain (LBP) and healthy controls. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from multiple locations over the lumbar erector spinae muscle with a 13 × 5 grid of electrodes from 19 people with chronic nonspecific LBP and 17 control subjects as they performed a repetitive lifting task. The EMG root mean square (RMS) was computed for each location of the grid to form a map of the EMG amplitude distribution. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were recorded before and after the lifting task over a similar area of the back. For the control subjects, the EMG RMS progressively increased more in the caudal region of the lumbar erector spinae during the repetitive task, resulting in a shift in the distribution of muscle activity. In contrast, the distribution of muscle activity remained unaltered in the LBP group despite an overall increase in EMG amplitude. PPT was lower in the LBP group after completion of the repetitive task compared to baseline (average across all locations: pre: 268.0 ± 165.9 kPa; post: 242.0 ± 166.7 kPa), whereas no change in PPT over time was observed for the control group (320.1 ± 162.1 kPa; post: 322.0 ± 179.5 kPa). The results demonstrate that LBP alters the normal adaptation of lumbar erector spinae muscle activity to exercise, which occurs in the presence of exercise-induced hyperalgesia. Reduced variability of muscle activity may have important implications for the provocation and recurrence of LBP due to repetitive tasks. 相似文献
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Dr. J. Erlenwein U. Stamer R. Koschwitz W. Koppert M. Quintel W. Meißner F. Petzke 《Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)》2014,28(2):147-156
Background
In 2007, the German national guidelines on “Treatment of acute perioperative and post-traumatic pain” were published. The aim of this study was to describe current structure and process data for acute pain management in German hospitals and to compare how the guidelines and other initiatives such as benchmarking or certification changed the healthcare landscape in the last decade.Methods
All directors of German departments of anesthesiology according to the DGAI (“Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin”, German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care) were mailed a standardized questionnaire on structures and processes of acute pain management in their hospitals.Results
A total of 403 completed questionnaires (46?%) could be evaluated. Of hospitals, 81?% had an acute pain service (ASD), whereby only 45?% met defined quality criteria. Written standards for acute pain management were available in 97?% of the hospitals on surgical wards and 51?% on nonsurgical wards. In 96?%, perioperative pain was regularly recorded (generally pain at rest and/or movement, pain-related functional impairment in 16?% only). Beside these routine measurements, only 38?% of hospitals monitored pain for effectiveness after acute medications. Often interdisciplinary working groups and/or pain managers are established for hospital-wide control. As specific therapy, the patient-controlled analgesia and epidural analgesia are largely prevalent (>?90?% of all hospitals). In the last decade, intravenous and oral opioid administration of opioids (including slow release preparations) has become established in acute pain management.Conclusion
The survey was representative by evaluating 20?% of all German hospitals. The organizational requirements for appropriate pain management recommended by the German guidelines for acute pain recommended have been established in the hospital sector in recent years. However, the organizational enforcement for acute pain management in nonsurgical areas is not adequate yet, compared to the perioperative care. In all hospitals modern medication and invasive techniques are widely available. 相似文献8.
Dr. J. Erlenwein M.I. Emons A. Hecke N. Nestler M. Przemeck M. Bauer W. Meißner F. Petzke 《Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)》2014,28(5):493-503
Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of organization of different standard protocols for acute pain management, as well as the derivation and definition of typical but structurally different models.Methods
A total of 85 hospitals provided their written standardized protocols for analysis. Protocols for defined target processes from 76 hospitals and another protocol used by more than one hospital were included into the analysis. The suggested courses of action were theoretically simulated to identify and characterize process types in a multistage evaluation process.Results
The analysis included 148 standards. Four differentiated process types were defined (“standardized order”, “analgesic ladder”, “algorithm”, “therapy path”), each with an increasing level of organization. These four types had the following distribution: 27?% (n?=?40) “standardized order”, 47?% (n?=?70) “analgesic ladder”, 22?% (n?=?33) “algorithm”, 4?% (n?=?5) “therapy path”. Models with a higher degree of organization included more control elements, such as action and intervention triggers or safety and supervisory elements, and were also associated with a formally better access to medication. For models with a lower degree of organization, immediate courses of action were more dependent on individual decisions. Although not quantifiable, this was particularly evident when simulating downstream courses of action. Interfaces between areas of hospital activity and a cross-departmental-boundary validity were only considered in a fraction of the protocols. Concepts from clinics with a certificate in (acute) pain management were more strongly process-oriented. For children, there were proportionately more simple concepts with a lower degree of organization and less controlling elements.Conclusion
This is the first analysis of a large sample of standardized protocols for acute pain management focusing on the degree of organization and the possible influence on courses of action. The analysis shows how different the structures and presumably the practical objectives of the various concepts are. The analyzed protocols with a lower degree of organization can manage only the assignment of a particular medication to the corresponding patient group, with a presumably high requirement for considerable implicit knowledge of the responsible employees. Accordingly, a requirement for such protocols should be that they not only describe the preferred standard therapy, but also define the interactions between the staff members involved. It remains questionable whether a protocol with a low level of organization and a comparably high requirement for implicit knowledge and individual action—also from nonmedical personnel—is able to ensure efficient pain therapy, particularly in view changing staff and dynamic responses to changing pain situations. 相似文献9.
J. Erlenwein F. Petzke U. Stamer E. Pogatzki-Zahn W. Koppert C. Maier 《Der Anaesthesist》2017,66(8):579-588