全文获取类型
收费全文 | 719篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 9篇 |
妇产科学 | 11篇 |
基础医学 | 115篇 |
口腔科学 | 3篇 |
临床医学 | 92篇 |
内科学 | 105篇 |
皮肤病学 | 41篇 |
神经病学 | 62篇 |
特种医学 | 24篇 |
外科学 | 130篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 27篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 71篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 40篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 27篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 16篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 45篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 14篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1938年 | 3篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
1933年 | 4篇 |
1907年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有746条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
E Kreuzfelder U Obertacke J Erhard R Funk R Steinen N Scheiermann O Thraenhart F W Eigler K P Schmit-Neuerburg 《The Journal of trauma》1991,31(3):358-364
After splenectomy due to blunt abdominal trauma, splenectomized children showed a restricted pattern of T-cell immunodeficiency compared to age and sex-matched normal children. Peripheral blood total (CD3) T-cell counts of 11 splenectomized children of 43%, double positive helper (CD4) inducer subpopulation (CD29) cell counts of nine splenectomized children of 7%, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T-cell proliferation of 11 splenectomized children of 53,206 c.p.m. were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than values of normal children (61% CD3 cells, n = 12; 13% CD4CD29 cells, n = 11; 107,832 c.p.m. PHA-induced proliferation, n = 12). The deficit of CD4CD29 cell numbers may be due to impaired maturation of these particular CD4 lymphocytes and may explain diminished PHA-induced proliferation in small children. The significantly higher B-lymphocyte counts of splenectomized children (21%, n = 11; 558 cells/mm3, n = 10) compared with 12 normal children (14%; 329 cells/mm3) may be due to loss of the reservoir function of the spleen. 相似文献
2.
J. Erhard U. Krause A. Hellinger V. Krischer F. W. Eigler 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1995,380(6):304-307
Zusammenfassung Schwere Gallengangsverletzungen sind nach laparoskopischen häufiger als nach konventionellen Cholezystektomien zu beklagen. Sie resultieren meist aus technischen Problemen oder unzureichender Identifikation der entsprechenden Strukturen. Das sofortige Erkennen der Gallengangsverletzung ist fur eine entsprechende Therapie ebenso wichtig wie die ädequate chirurgische Technik, die angewendet wird. Hier wird eine neue Methode der Gallenwegrekonstruktion unter Verwendung eines Jejunalkonduits vorgestellt. Das Verfahren wurde bislang bei 5 Patienten mit schweren Gallengangsverletzungen (Typ 3 and 4 nach Bismuth) [2] nach laparoskopischer Cholezystektomie erfolgreich angewendet. Der Verlauf nach nunmehr 9 Monaten bis zu mehr als 2 Jahren war ohne Probleme and vielversprechend. Die Methode der Anwendung des Jejunalkonduits erscheint uns zur Rekonstruktion bei schweren Gallengangverletzungen sehr empfehlenswert.
A new technique for reconstruction of the common bile duct after severe injury by laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves a higher incidence of severe common bile duct injury than did open cholecystectomy. The severe injuries most often result from technical problems and inadequate exposure. Reconstruction of the bile duct is then possible provided that an immediate diagnosis is made and an appropriate surgical technique is applied. The report focuses on a new method of reconstruction of the common bile duct by interposition of a small jejunal conduit. The procedure was performed in five patients with severe bile duct injury (Bismuth class 3–4) that occurred during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The outcome after follow-up periods of 9 months to more than 2 years is promising. This method of reconstruction is therefore recommended for severe forms of bile duct injury.相似文献
3.
Michael H. Erhard Peter Schmidt Reiner Kühlmann Uli Lösch 《Archives of toxicology》1989,63(6):462-468
This paper describes a specific and highly sensitive ELISA system using monoclonal antibodies in order to assay an organophosphorus compound. The soman derivative methyl phosphonic acid, p-aminophenyl 1,2,2,-trimethyl-propyl diester (MATP) served as model substance. In order to obtain antibody-producing hybridomas BALB/c mice were immunized with MATP linked onto human serum albumin (HSA). The spleen cells of immunized mice were fused with syngenic plasmacytomas of the non-producer-line X63Ag8.653 with the aid of polyethylene glycol. To eliminate undesirable cross-reaction, common screening procedures were modified by directly coating the ELISA plates with hapten. Five out of 15 positive cell-lines were cloned by limiting dilution and further propagated. The respective immunoglobulin class and subclass of the obtained monoclonal antibodies was determined. Four of which were identified as IgG1, the other as IgG2a. After enrichment of antibodies in ascites and their isolation by protein A-sepharose, the affinity of various monoclonal antibodies was estimated in competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA) by measuring the IC50 rates of free MATP. The rates were found to lie between 2.5 × 10–6 mol/l and 4.3 × 10–4 mol/l MATP. The IC10 rate for detectable MATP concentration was 5.4 × 10–7 mol/l MATP. Test duration was 280 min. The reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies with structurally related substances was used to check their specificity. Cross-reaction turned out to be negative. In order to develop a direct competitive ELISA, MATP was linked to horse radish peroxidase (HRPO) by adding a spacer. This helped to reduce total duration to 40 min. The detection level was further reduced to 1.3 × 10–7 mol/l MATP (corresponding to 975 pg/25 l test-buffer) using the monoclonal antibody F71D7. Likewise, MATP was detected in goat serum, chicken serum, rabbit serum, milk and company's water in concentrations between 2.1 × 10–7 mol/l (IC10, company's water) and 4.9 × 10–8 mol/l (IC10, milk). 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
Interaction with 14-3-3 proteins promotes functional expression of the potassium channels TASK-1 and TASK-3 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Sindhu Rajan Regina Preisig-Müller Erhard Wischmeyer† Ralf Nehring† Peter J. Hanley Vijay Renigunta Boris Musset Günter Schlichthörl Christian Derst reas Karschin† Jürgen Daut 《The Journal of physiology》2002,545(1):13-26
The two-pore-domain potassium channels TASK-1, TASK-3 and TASK-5 possess a conserved C-terminal motif of five amino acids. Truncation of the C-terminus of TASK-1 strongly reduced the currents measured after heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes or HEK293 cells and decreased surface membrane expression of GFP-tagged channel proteins. Two-hybrid analysis showed that the C-terminal domain of TASK-1, TASK-3 and TASK-5, but not TASK-4, interacts with isoforms of the adapter protein 14-3-3. A pentapeptide motif at the extreme C-terminus of TASK-1, RRx(S/T)x, was found to be sufficient for weak but significant interaction with 14-3-3, whereas the last 40 amino acids of TASK-1 were required for strong binding. Deletion of a single amino acid at the C-terminal end of TASK-1 or TASK-3 abolished binding of 14-3-3 and strongly reduced the macroscopic currents observed in Xenopus oocytes. TASK-1 mutants that failed to interact with 14-3-3 isoforms (V411*, S410A, S410D) also produced only very weak macroscopic currents. In contrast, the mutant TASK-1 S409A, which interacts with 14-3-3-like wild-type channels, displayed normal macroscopic currents. Co-injection of 14-3-3ζ cRNA increased TASK-1 current in Xenopus oocytes by about 70 %. After co-transfection in HEK293 cells, TASK-1 and 14-3-3ζ (but not TASK-1ΔC5 and 14-3-3ζ) could be co-immunoprecipitated. Furthermore, TASK-1 and 14-3-3 could be co-immunoprecipitated in synaptic membrane extracts and postsynaptic density membranes. Our findings suggest that interaction of 14-3-3 with TASK-1 or TASK-3 may promote the trafficking of the channels to the surface membrane. 相似文献
8.
Michael H. Erhard Reiner Kühlmann Ladislaus Szinicz Uli Lösch 《Archives of toxicology》1990,64(7):580-585
The development of a specific and sensitive immunologic ELISA detection system for methylphosphonoflouridic acid. 1,2,2-trimethylpropylester (soman) by the use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is described. The monoclonal antibodies F71D7, F71H10, F71B12 and F71H9 originally produced against the soman derivative methyl phosphonic acid,p-aminophenyl 1,2,2-trimethylpropyldiester (MATP) also reacted with soman in a previously developed, direct competitive ELISA. After optimizing the ELISA system by varying the reaction mixture and the solvents for the organophosphate, 5.0×10–7 mol/l soman (80% purity), e.g. 2.5 ng or 2 ng pure soman per 25 l test buffer, could be detected after a total test duration of 40 min. A shortening of the incubation time to 10 min resulted in a drop of sensitivity to 1.8×10–6 mol/l soman. Various alcohols which may be used as extraction media for soman from various materials (isopropanol, ethanol and methanol) were shown to inhibit peroxidase activity and thereby reduce the sensitivity of the test. However, the influence of alcohols decreased with the shortening of incubation time. All monoclonal antibodies showed little cross reactivity to sarin and no cross reactivity to tabun and VX. Judging on the reactivity of the MAbs with MATP and soman oxidazed by 1,2-dihydrobenzol, some reactivity with some other (non-toxic) soman analogues containing the same pinacolyl group can be expected. There was no evidence for stereoselectivity of the MAbs tested. Finally, soman could be detected in different biological samples like human serum, goat serum, rabbit serum, chicken serum, milk, and tap water in concentrations between 1.3×10–6 and 2.0×10–6 mol/l. 相似文献
9.
Dr. J. Erhard T. Hartwig R. Lange R. Scherer K. H. Albrecht E. W. Eigler 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1994,379(1):26-31
Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven Untersuchung wurde an 44 Patienten (33 Männer, 11 Frauen) riach einer elektiven orthotopen Lebertransplantation die Duplexsonographie 196ma1 angewendet. Ziel der Untersuchung war es festzustellen, inwieweit and in welchem zeitlichen Zusammenhang sich die Parameter pulsatiler FluBindex (PFI) und Dämpfungsindex (DI) bei Komplikationen wie Abstoung und Cholangitis verändern. Der Duplex-Doppler-Ultraschall wurde im Mittel 5mal pro Patient durchgeführt. Die letzte Sonographie erfolgte am Entlassungstag. Bei den Messungen fiber der Leberarterie, der Pfortader und den Lebervenen wurden jeweils der PFI und der DI bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse der Indexuntersuchungen wurden mit dem klinischen Verlauf (Abstoung, Cholangitis) sowie mit den Resultaten von 88 Biopsiepräparaten der Lebertransplantate in Beziehung gesetzt. Bezüglich einer histologisch gesicherten AbstoBung ergab der PFI (über der Leberarterie gemessen) eine Sensitivität von 69,4 % and eine Spezifitdt von 72,2 %, der DI (über den Lebervenen gemessen) eine Sensitivität von 89,4% und eine Spezifitdt von 89,1 %. Wenn auch die einfach und beliebig oft anwendbare Untersuchungstechnik die bioptische Sicherung einer Rejektion nicht ersetzen kann, so ist sie in hohem Mae in der Lage, Indikationen zur Biopsie frühzeitig stellen zu lassen und ein Ansprechen auf eine Therapie kurzfristig und mit holier Genauigkeit anzuzeigen.
Duplex sonography after orthotopic liver transplantation: findings in 44 patients
In a prospective study, 44 patients (11 women, 33 men) who had received orthotopic liver transplants underwent a total of 196 consecutive duplex Doppler ultrasound examinations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the pulsatile flow index (PFI) and the damping index (DI) as far as complications as rejection or cholangitis were concerned. The patients were examined five times each on average. The PFI and DI were measured in the hepatic artery, the portal vein and the hepatic veins. The findings were compared with the clinical course (cholangitis, rejection) and the histomorphological diagnosis as determined in biopsy specimens. In biopsy-proven rejection episodes, the sensitivity of the PFI in the hepatic artery was 69.4%, the specificity 72.2%. The sensitivity of the DI in the hepatic vein was 89.4%, the specificity 89.1 %. Combining the two, specificity was more than 90%. PFI and DI in the portal vein bore no apparent relation to clinical course or histomorphological diagnosis. We found duplex Doppler ultrasound extremely beneficial in determining the timing and indication for liver biopsy. In addition, this simple examination, which can be performed as often as desired, accurately shows the transplanted liver's response to measures taken to counter rejection.相似文献
10.