全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2226篇 |
免费 | 154篇 |
国内免费 | 31篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 17篇 |
儿科学 | 82篇 |
妇产科学 | 57篇 |
基础医学 | 359篇 |
口腔科学 | 98篇 |
临床医学 | 203篇 |
内科学 | 421篇 |
皮肤病学 | 16篇 |
神经病学 | 172篇 |
特种医学 | 48篇 |
外国民族医学 | 1篇 |
外科学 | 390篇 |
综合类 | 27篇 |
预防医学 | 170篇 |
眼科学 | 71篇 |
药学 | 135篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 140篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 33篇 |
2018年 | 45篇 |
2017年 | 43篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 98篇 |
2012年 | 104篇 |
2011年 | 124篇 |
2010年 | 68篇 |
2009年 | 69篇 |
2008年 | 132篇 |
2007年 | 144篇 |
2006年 | 152篇 |
2005年 | 154篇 |
2004年 | 109篇 |
2003年 | 132篇 |
2002年 | 144篇 |
2001年 | 48篇 |
2000年 | 44篇 |
1999年 | 39篇 |
1998年 | 25篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 21篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 23篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有2411条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Noninvasive Intracranial Cerebral Flow Velocity Evaluation in the Emergency Department by Emergency Physicians 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michael Shafé MD Michael Blaivas MD RDMS Edmond Hooker MD Leigh Straus BS 《Academic emergency medicine》2004,11(7):774-777
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is an accepted modality for the evaluation of cerebral blood flow velocities. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of bedside TCD measurement in the emergency department (ED) with critically ill, intubated patients. METHODS: A prospective convenience sample of patients presenting to a university hospital over a two-month period underwent TCD evaluation of the middle cerebral artery. Intubated patients with head trauma and any patient requiring tracheal intubation were eligible. A 2-MHz Doppler probe was positioned over the temporal bone to acquire blood flow velocities. An emergency medicine resident and research assistant obtained measurements. Continuous TCD tracings were recorded on a video cassette recorder tape for quality assurance review and data collection. Vital signs and therapeutic interventions were also recorded. Flow velocities were measured in cm/s; the peak Resistance Index (RI) was calculated for each patient. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Adequate tracings were obtained in 25 patients (83%) without a disruption of resuscitation. Tracings could not be obtained in five patients; they were listed as TCD failures. However, in two of these patients, adequate flow velocity tracings were obtained after resuscitation. Four patients were evaluated during tracheal intubation. One patient was monitored successfully during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The median time required for data acquisition was 1.9 minutes. The mean highest RI for those who expired was 0.84. For those who survived, the mean highest RI was 0.52. The difference of 0.32 was statistically significant (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive blood flow velocity monitoring of the middle cerebral artery using TCD is feasible in the ED when performed at the bedside on intubated patients with traumatic brain injury and others during tracheal intubation and resuscitation. 相似文献
2.
Brian J Forbes Gil Binenbaum Jane C Edmond Nicole DeLarato Donna M McDonald-McGinn Elaine H Zackai 《Journal of AAPOS》2007,11(2):179-182
PURPOSE: To identify the ocular features of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and to provide ophthalmologic examination recommendations for affected patients. METHODS: Ocular abnormalities were evaluated prospectively in patients with 22q11.2 deletion at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1997 and 1999. RESULTS: Ninety patients with confirmed 22q11.2 deletion were examined. Posterior embryotoxon was found in 49%, tortuous retinal vessels in 34%, eyelid hooding in 20%, strabismus in 18%, ptosis in 4%, amblyopia in 4%, and tilted optic nerves in 1%. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence of ocular conditions that can potentially affect visual development suggest that children with 22q11.2 deletion should undergo a comprehensive eye examination upon diagnosis of the condition with follow-up as indicated by the findings in each case. In addition, knowledge of the ocular findings, in conjunction with certain cardiac, otolaryngologic, immunologic, and other systemic findings, may alert physicians to the possibility of a chromosome 22q11.2 deletion. 相似文献
3.
Rebecca M. Schwartz PhD Edmond S. Malka Michael Augenbraun Steven Rubin Matthew Hogben Nicole Liddon William M. McCormack Tracey E. Wilson 《Journal of urban health》2006,83(6):1095-1104
Efforts to control chlamydial and gonococcal infections include notifying eligible sexual partners of possible infection,
primarily by asking the diagnosed patient to notify their partners. This approach, known as patient referral, is widely used
but poorly understood. The current study examined psychosocial and cognitive factors associated with patient referral among
an urban, minority sample of 168 participants recently diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. At a follow-up interview 1-month from diagnosis, participants were more likely to have notified all eligible partners if
they had greater intention to notify at baseline (OR = 3.72; 95% CI = 1.34, 10.30) and if they had only one partner at baseline
(OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 1.61, 10.31). There were also gender differences as well as differences based on type of partner (i.e.,
regular, casual, one-time). The implications of these findings for the design of programs to promote patient referral for
sexually transmitted infections are discussed.
Schwartz, Malka, Augenbraun, McCormack, and Wilson are with the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,
NY, USA; Rubin is with the New York City Department of Health, Bureau of STD Control, New York, NY, USA; Rubin, Hogben, and
Liddon are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Schwartz is with the Department of Preventive
Medicine and Community Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Box 1240, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. 相似文献
4.
LaVoie Edmond J.; Cai Zhen-Wei; Meschter Carol L.; Weyand Eric H. 《Carcinogenesis》1994,15(10):2131-2135
Fluoranthene (FA) is frequently among the more abundant componentsdetected in environmental mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Several methylated fluoranthenes, although less prevalent thanFA, have also been detected as environmental pollutants. WhileFA is inactive as a tumorigenic agent on mouse skin, it doesinduce lung and liver tumors in newborn mice. Among the fiveisomers of methylfluoranthene, only 2-methylfluoranthene (2-MeFA)and 3-methylfluoranthene (3-MeFA) are active as tumor initiatorson mouse skin. A comparative bioassay was performed to determinethe relative tumorigenic activity of FA, 2-MeFA and 3-MeFA innewborn CD-1 mice. All three compounds were assayed at dosesof 3.46 and 17.3 µmol. The bioassay was terminated whenmice were 1 year old. At a dose of 17.3 µmol, FA and 2-MeFAinduced a similar incidence of lung tumors (6596%) inboth male and female mice. However, tumor multiplicity in thelung was different between FA and 2-MeFA. At a dose of 17.3µmol, the multiplicity of lung tumors observed for miceadministered 2-MeFA ranged from 3.04 to 3.94 tumors per mouse.In contrast, animals treated with FA developed only an averageof 1.122.45 tumors per mouse. 3-MeFA did not induce astatistically significant incidence of lung tumors in eithermale or female mice. All three compounds when administered tonewborn mice did induce a significant incidence of liver tumorsamong male mice. The relative tumorigenic potency observed wasFA 5 相似文献
5.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Prospective Trial 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
Samuel Eldar Edmond Sabo Ernest Nash Jack Abrahamson Ibrahim Matter 《World journal of surgery》1997,21(5):540-545
p
< 0.00001) and for hydrops (28.5%) and empyema of the gallbladder
(28.5%) (
p
= 0.004). The difference in conversion
between the group with acute necrotizing (gangrenous) cholecystitis and
the two groups with hydrops and empyema of the gallbladder was not
statistically significant (
p
= 0.07). The complication
rates of acute cholecystitis, hydrops, empyema of the gallbladder, and
gangrenous cholecystitis were 9.0%, 9.5%, 14.0%, and 20.0%,
respectively (
p
= NS). Patients with an operative
delay of 96 hours or less from the onset of acute cholecystitis had a
conversion rate of 23%, whereas a delay of more than 96 hours was
associated with a conversion rate of 47% (
p
= 0.022).
The complication rate was 8.5% in the laparoscopic group and 27% in
the converted group (
p
= 0.013). Patients over 65
years of age, with a history of biliary disease, a nonpalpable
gallbladder, WBC count over 13,000/cc, and acute gangrenous
cholecystitis were independently associated with a high LC conversion
rate; male patients, finding large bile stones, serum bilirubin over
0.8 mg/dl, and WBC count over 13,000/cc were independently associated
with a high complication rate following laparoscopic surgery with or
without conversion. Generally, LC can be performed safely for acute
cholecystitis, with acceptably low conversion and complication rates.
Different forms of cholecystitis carry various conversion and
complication rates in selected cases. LC for acute cholecystitis should
be performed within 96 hours of the onset of disease. Predictors of
conversion and complications may be helpful when planning the
laparoscopic approach to acute cholecystitis. 相似文献
6.
7.
Gérard Brunel Edmond Benqué Frédéric Elharar Catherine Sansac Jean François Duffort Pierre Barthet Eric Baysse Neal Miller 《Clinical oral implants research》1998,9(5):303-312
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the combined application of different bioabsorbable materials for healing of residual peri‐implant defects after placement of non‐submerged implants into fresh extraction sockets. Second and third mandibular premolars were extracted from 10 Beagle dogs, the coronal part of the distal sockets were surgically enlarged and this was followed by immediate placement of specially designed hollow‐screw non‐submerged dental implants. For each animal, the coronal peri‐implant defects were further treated with one of the 4 following procedures: 1) no treatment, control site: 2) grafting with porous hydroxyapatite (HA); 3) collagen membrane tightly secured around the implant and over the defect and 4) grafting with HA covered with a collagen membrane. After 16 weeks of healing, specimens were removed from the mandibule and prepared for a histomorphometric evaluation. The bone-to-implant contact length (BIC) was measured and compared amongst the different treatment modalities. In the defect area, the irregular bone regeneration was similar between all the treatment procedures ( P >0.10). In the sites covered with a collagen membrane alone, the total BIC (47%) was greater than in control sites (28.7%. P <0.05) or sites grafted with HA (22.2%, P <0.02). Total BIC in sites treated with the HA‐membrane combination (43%) was only significantly different from sites treated with HA ( P <0.10). It is concluded that the use of bioabsorbable materials results in a limited increase of osseointegration when used in conjunction with immediate placement of non-submerged implants, although the principle of the one stage surgical approach can be maintained. 相似文献
8.
Bursal and thymic antigenic specificities have been shown in the chicken in an immune adherence assay using cross-absorbed rabbit antisera. 相似文献
9.
Julio C Delgado Ahasan Hameed Juan J Yunis Kailash Bhol Adriana I Rojas Simeen B Rehman Ashfaq A Khan Manzoor Ahmad Chester A Alper A.Razzzaque Ahmed Edmond J Yunis 《Human immunology》1997,57(2):110-119
ABSTRACT: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membranes characterized by an autoantibody response against an epidermal cadherin. We performed high resolution HLA class II typing in 19 patients with PV from Rawalpindi, Pakistan and 19 non-Jewish European PV patients from Boston by sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization. The results were compared with two separate ethnically matched control populations. We found that PV patients from Pakistan had significantly increased frequencies of DRB1*1404 ( p = 0.01), DQA1*0101 ( p = 0.02), and DQB1*0503 ( p = 0.01). Among the patients of non-Jewish European ancestry, DRB1*1401 ( p < 10−6), DQA1*0101 ( p < 10−5) and DQB1*0503 ( p < 10−6), were increased in PV patients. Formal linkage analysis between the major histocompatibility complex and the PV antibody was performed in 67 relatives of the 19 Pakistani patients. The results showed strong evidence for linkage of HLA-DRB1*1404, DQA1*0101, DQB1*0503, with the presence of PV antibody in relatives’ families with a significant logarithm of the odds score of 6.06. Based on the three dimensional structure of class II molecules, we propose that HLA-DQA1*0101 and DQB1*0503, encode a negatively charged P9 peptide binding pocket of the DQ molecule and are significantly associated with susceptibility to PV in non-Jewish populations. 相似文献
10.
Detection of a transforming fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 in clinical specimens by PCR. The Canadian Women's HIV Study Group. 下载免费PDF全文
G H Guibinga F Coutle A Kessous C Hankins N Lapointe G Richer J Tousignant 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1996,34(7):1654-1659
A PCR assay for the sensitive detection of a transforming fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was developed. Oligonucleotide primers were selected in Xho-2, a transforming region of the BglII N fragment of HSV-2. The assay reached a sensitivity endpoint of 10 copies of the Xho-2 subfragment and did not show cross-reactivity with other herpesviruses, including HSV-1. All 42 HSV-2 isolates scored positive in the assay. The Xho-2 PCR assay was evaluated with 216 clinical specimens and the results were compared with those of cell culture. The best protocol for processing specimens contained in viral transport medium included a centrifugation step followed by cell lysis. Of the 107 specimens positive for HSV-2 by culture, 105 were PCR positive (sensitivity, 98.1%). For one of the two falsely negative samples, beta-globin as well as sequences from the HSV-2 DNA polymerase gene could not be amplified. The other sample scored positive in both of these reactions but was indeterminate in duplicate tests by Xho-2 PCR. Two of 109 HSV-2 culture-negative specimens tested positive in the PCR assay (specificity, 98.2%). The latter two samples tested positive in a PCR test for the HSV-2 DNA polymerase gene. This novel tool was shown to be sensitive and specific for HSV-2 sequences and should allow for the investigation of the role of HSV-2 in genital cancers. 相似文献