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1.
Birth weight on 12,644 singleton infants from 6,196 sibships born in Maryland between 1980 and 1984 were used to estimate the effects of nine maternal and infant covariates on the sibship correlation in birth weight. Assuming a homogeneous correlation across all families, the estimated intraclass correlation was 0.4664 (+/- 0.0099). This high sibship correlation makes it possible to predict, with reasonable accuracy, the birth weight of a child given information on previous sibs, as well as covariates on the mother and/or infant pertinent to a given pregnancy. The reduction in variance associated with incorporating information on the nine covariates used here was approximately equal to that obtained by conditioning on a single previous sib. Testing for heterogeneity in correlation among different groups of families showed that a crude measure of parity (first live birth vs. other), time between births, mother's marital status, and maternal age at the birth of the last child significantly influenced the sibship correlation in birth weight. 相似文献
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ME BURGE AM JOSHUA CM McNEIL R HUI MJ BOYER R ABRAHAM 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology》2005,1(1):47-52
Background: Pemetrexed and cisplatin have recently been shown to significantly improve survival compared with cisplatin alone. However, there are only limited data reflecting teaching hospital experience outside a clinical trial. Pemetrexed has only been available in Australia on a restricted basis since 2002. We reviewed our experience of patients treated on the Australian ‘Special Access Scheme’ at three major thoracic oncology units. Methods: Charts were reviewed for all patients enrolled on the scheme. Data was extracted on age, World Health Organization (WHO) performance status, histology, prior therapy, time from diagnosis to starting pemetrexed, chemotherapy (pemetrexed alone or with a platinum), cycle number, response rate, actuarial progression‐free and overall survival. Doses were cisplatin 75 mg/m2 or carboplatin AUC = 5 and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 every 21 days. Results: 52 patients (32 male and 20 female) were reviewed. Median age was 58 years and 88% were WHO 0–1. Histology included 54% epithelial, 17% biphasic (epithelial and sarcomatoid) and 21% undefined. The median time from diagnosis to administration of pemetrexed was 145 days. Sixty‐five percent had minimal surgical intervention with video assisted thoracoscopy, pleurodesis and biopsy, while 19% had received prior palliative radiation. Seventy‐one percent were chemotherapy naïve, the remaining 29% having received previous platinum and/or gemcitabine regimens. Twenty‐three percent had pemetrexed alone, 35% in combination with carboplatin and 42% with cisplatin. The median number of cycles was 4 (range 1–13). The response rate was 33%. No toxicity was observed in 20% grade 3–4 toxicity in 10% (majority nausea/vomiting). The median progression‐free and overall survival times from starting pemetrexed were 184 days and 298 days, respectively. Conclusions: Pemetrexed‐based regimens are safe and effective in a community setting in malignant mesothelioma. 相似文献
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CM Reid M. Nelson P. Beckinsale P. Ryan LMH Wing LJ Beilin MA Brown GLR Jennings CI Johnston J. Marley JJ McNeil TO Morgan J. Shaw ID Steven MJ West 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1997,24(5):370-373
1. The present study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a 5 year cardiovascular outcome trial of the treatment of 6000 elderly hypertensive patients in Australian general practices. 2. General practitioners (GPs) were invited to participate by mail and personal follow-up. Patient records were reviewed to identify subjects for a blood pressure (BP) screening programme. Blood pressure was measured on three occasions and eligible subjects were included if the average BP was 160 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic if systolic BP was 140 mmHg. 3. Seven hundred and forty-one GPs were approached and 89 were enrolled in the study (12% of mail invites and 75% of those receiving a personal contact). In 16 practices where screening was completed, 82 000 records were reviewed to identify 4% patients eligible for screening. Twenty-two per cent of eligible subjects attended screening. Of 1938 subjects screened, 180 (9%) had BP 5=160/90 mmHg. Forty-seven percent of subjects (n = 916) were receiving antihypertensive therapy and 184 (20%) were withdrawn from therapy. One hundred and sixteen (63%) of these subjects had BP return to study entry levels within 6 weeks. Fifty-seven newly diagnosed and 81 previously treated subjects were randomized (7% of the screened population). 4. Based on the high participation rate of GPs, the response rate of patients to attend a BP screening programme and the 7% randomization to screening ratio for entry into the study, the ANBP2 pilot study has demonstrated that it is feasible to recruit subjects from Australian general practices to a cardiovascular outcome trial. 相似文献
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Paolo Cossu Rocca Matteo Brunelli Stefano Gobbo Albino Eccher Emma Bragantini Maria M Mina Vincenzo Ficarra Filiberto Zattoni Alberto Zamò Maurizio Pea Aldo Scarpa Marco Chilosi Fabio Menestrina Franco Bonetti John N Eble Guido Martignoni 《Modern pathology》2007,20(7):722-728
S100A1 is a calcium-binding protein, which has been recently found in renal cell neoplasms. We evaluated the diagnostic utility of immunohistochemical detection of S100A1 in 164 renal cell neoplasms. Forty-one clear cell, 32 papillary, and 51 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, and 40 oncocytomas, 164 samples of normal renal parenchyma adjacent to the tumors and 13 fetal kidneys were analyzed. The levels of S100A1 mRNA detected by quantitative RT-PCR analysis of frozen tissues from seven clear cell, five papillary, and six chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, four oncocytomas, and nine samples of normal renal tissues adjacent to neoplasms were compared with the immunohistochemical detection of protein expression. Clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas showed positive reactions for S100A1 in 30 out of 41 tumors (73%) and in 30 out of 32 (94%) tumors, respectively. Thirty-seven renal oncocytomas out of 40 (93%) were positive for S100A1, whereas 48 of 51 (94%) chromophobe renal cell carcinomas were negative. S100A1 protein was detected in all samples of unaffected and fetal kidneys. S100A1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in all normal kidneys and renal cell neoplasms, although at very different levels. Statistical analyses comparing the different expression of S100A1 in clear cell and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas observed by immunohistochemical and RT-PCR methods showed significant values (P<0.001), such as when comparing by both techniques the different levels of S100A1 expression in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas (P<0.001). Our study shows that S100A1 protein is expressed in oncocytomas, clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas but not in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. Its immunodetection is potentially useful for the differential diagnosis between chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma. Further, S100A1 protein expression is constantly detected in the normal parenchyma of the adult and fetal kidney. 相似文献