荧光原位杂交技术分析人结肠菌群方法研究

建立荧光原位杂交技术分析人体内结肠菌群的方法。取受试者新鲜粪便 ,选用 5种特异性的 16SrRNA寡核苷酸探针 ,检测粪便样本收集后的保存时间、温度 ,离心条件及样本固定液存放时间对杂交计数结果的影响。结果建立最佳实验条件为 :粪便样本收集后应尽快在 4℃下保存 ,放置时间不要超过 12小时即作处理 ;样本的适宜离心条件为 70 0g 2分钟 ;样本用多聚甲醛固定后在 - 80℃下存放时间不要超过 5个月。该方法具有较好的稳定性 ,可以有效地检出个体之间结肠菌群的差异。     

Somatization,distress and chronic pain

The two defining features of somatization are numerous self-reported physical symptoms and excessive health care seeking. This may be due to a lowered perceptual threshold for perceiving and reporting bodily symptoms, amplification or misinterpretation of those symptoms, or underlying psychiatric disturbance. Recurrent pain is the most common somatic symptom reported. True somatization disorder is very rare (<1%) and requires a DSM-III-R diagnosis of at least 13 different physical symptoms which cannot be explained by, or are in gross excess of physical findings, and have caused the patients to seek health care or alter their lifestyles. However, researchers have argued that a spectrum of severity for somatization exists, and this is supported by epidemiological research. Available data also indicate that behavioural interventions may show long-term cost-effectiveness in the management of chronic pain. Chronic pain dysfunction appears to place a disproportionate burden on overall health care expenditure for chronic pain patients.     

Clinical diagnostic criteria for TMD. New classification permits multiple diagnoses.

One of the first to permit multiple diagnoses, this new TMD classification scheme offers guidelines for clinicians and those conducting clinical field studies. The scheme was applied to a TMD population, with control subjects.     

Some behavioral effects of repeated d-amphetamine administrations

Effects of daily administrations of d-amphetamine were studied on key peck responses of pigeons maintained under a multiple fixed-interval 2-min, fixed-ratio 30-responseschedule. Under the fixed-interval schedule, a pause was followed by a transition to increasing rates of responding until food presentation. Under the fixed-ratio schedule, higher sustained rates of responding were maintained. Low to intermediate doses (0.3-1.0 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine changed the temporal patterns and occasionally increased rates of responding under the fixed-interval schedule. Higher doses decreased rates of responding under bothschedules. With daily injections of 1.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine prior to experimental sessions, the effects of this dose on rates and patterns of responding were attenuated, and d-anphetamine dose-effect curves were shifted to the right, primarily under the fixed-ratio schedule. Similar results were obtained with daily presession injections of 5.6 mg/kg d-amphetamine in a second group of pigeons, except that rates of responding under both schedules were decreased by this daily dose, and did not return completely to control values with repeated injections. In a third group of pigeons, 1.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine administered daily, after experimental sessions, did not alter dose-effect functions for d-amphetamine. In a second experiment, pigeons were trained to peck one response key when given 1.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine and a different key when given presession water injections. Increasing doses of d-amphetamine produced incresing percentages of d-amphetamine-key responses. Repeated administration of 5.6 mg/kg d-amphetamine shifted these dose-effect functions to the right one-half log unit. Results suggested that decreases in reinforcement frequency are not a necessary condition for the development of behavioral tolerance to d-amphetamine.