Brain structure links trait creativity to openness to experience

Creativity is crucial to the progression of human civilization and has led to important scientific discoveries. Especially, individuals are more likely to have scientific discoveries if they possess certain personality traits of creativity (trait creativity), including imagination, curiosity, challenge and risk-taking. This study used voxel-based morphometry to identify the brain regions underlying individual differences in trait creativity, as measured by the Williams creativity aptitude test, in a large sample (n = 246). We found that creative individuals had higher gray matter volume in the right posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG), which might be related to semantic processing during novelty seeking (e.g. novel association, conceptual integration and metaphor understanding). More importantly, although basic personality factors such as openness to experience, extroversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness (as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory) all contributed to trait creativity, only openness to experience mediated the association between the right pMTG volume and trait creativity. Taken together, our results suggest that the basic personality trait of openness might play an important role in shaping an individual’s trait creativity.     

两种黏膜切开刀在食管病变内镜黏膜下剥离术中的有效性及安全性比较

目的比较单极内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)电刀（简称T刀）与Dual刀在ESD治疗食管病变中的有效性及安全性。方法纳入2018年6月—2019年1月期间就诊于苏州大学附属第一医院、诊断为食管病变且行ESD治疗的59例患者,采用随机数字表法分为Dual刀组（30例）及T刀组（29例）。比较两组操作时间、切除速度、完全切除率以及并发症发生率等情况。结果T刀组与Dual刀组患者在性别、年龄、合并症等方面差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。T刀组、Dual刀组的手术时间分别为（57.86±24.62）min和（66.28±29.48）min,差异有统计学意义（t=1.189,P=0.024）;切除速度分别为（22.80±7.31）mm2/min和（16.20±7.24）mm2/min,差异有统计学意义（t=3.484,P=0.001）;病灶完全切除率分别为86.2%（25/29）和86.7%（26/30）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.108,P=0.742）。T刀组出现并发症2例（6.9%）,Dual刀组并发症共5例（16.7%）,两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.574,P=0.449）。两组均未见术后穿孔、出血情况。结论在食管病变ESD中,T刀相较于Dual刀能缩短手术时间,提高切除速度,安全性、有效性具有一定优势。     

冠心病生存质量与中医证候轻重的相关性分析

目的研究分析冠心病患者的生存质量与中医证候轻重的相关性。方法应用已构建的冠心病中医证候疗效综合评价体系作为评价工具,冠心病患者入院后3d内与出院前3d填写生活质量表（SF-36）与中医证候临床观察表。以入出院生存质量差值与入出院证候轻重各指标差值进行比较。结果生存质量评分与证候综合疗效评价体系的各个层面均存在相关关系。在11个基本证候层面中,水湿证、气滞证、实热证与生存质量有显著的相关性;在实证与虚证层面,虚证与生存质量评分的相关性较为显著;在生存质量与证候总分之间,有显著的负相关关系（相关系数-0.939）。结论在冠心病中医综合疗效评价指标体系中,中医证候在各个层面与生存质量存在相关关系,且与证候总评价有较强相关性。     

Detection of deception based on fMRI activation patterns underlying the production of a deceptive response and receiving feedback about the success of the deception after a mock murder crime

The ability of a deceiver to track a victim’s ongoing judgments about the truthfulness of the deceit can be critical for successful deception. However, no study has yet investigated the neural circuits underlying receiving a judgment about one’s lie. To explore this issue, we used a modified Guilty Knowledge Test in a mock murder situation to simultaneously record the neural responses involved in producing deception and later when judgments of that deception were made. Producing deception recruited the bilateral inferior parietal lobules (IPLs), right ventral lateral prefrontal (VLPF) areas and right striatum, among which the activation of the right VLPF contributed mostly to diagnosing the identities of the participants, correctly diagnosing 81.25% of ‘murderers’ and 81.25% of ‘innocents’. Moreover, the participant’s response when their deception was successful uniquely recruited the right middle frontal gyrus, bilateral IPLs, bilateral orbitofrontal cortices, bilateral middle temporal gyrus and left cerebellum, among which the right IPL contributed mostly to diagnosing participants’ identities, correctly diagnosing 93.75% of murderers and 87.5% of innocents. This study shows that neural activity associated with being a successful liar (or not) is a feasible indicator for detecting lies and may be more valid than neural activity associated with producing deception.     

iCIK过继性细胞治疗口腔鳞状细胞癌的回顾性研究

目的研究改良的细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞（iCIK）过继性治疗口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）的疗效。方法回顾2008年7月至2013年4月60例OSCC患者,根据治疗方式分为iCIK组（手术治疗＋iCIK治疗）及对照组（手术治疗）,不良预后者术后行放疗或放化疗。统计两组的复发转移率、生存率、无病生存期及总生存期。分析iCIK组培养前后外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）及iCIK细胞的T细胞亚群比例及Th1细胞因子分泌水平。结果 iCIK组复发转移率低于对照组（16.67％vs 40.00％,χ2＝4.022, P＝0.045）,且无病生存期高于对照组（50.96±3.69 vs 38.15±4.90,χ2＝4.163,P＝0.041）。但两组的死亡率及总体生存期差异无统计学意义。 iCIK培养后T细胞及CTL细胞比例、IL-2及IFN-γ水平显著增高。不良反应发生率为1.17％,无严重不良反应。结论 iCIK辅助治疗可延长OSCC患者无病生存期,减少复发或转移的发生,但未改变最终的预后,长期疗效有待进一步观察。 iCIK高表达CD3＋CD8＋,分泌高浓度的Th1细胞因子,具有较强的细胞免疫及抗肿瘤能力,且治疗安全性良好。     

选择性半肝血流阻断在肝海绵状血管瘤切除中的应用

目的:探讨选择性半肝血流阻断在肝海绵状血管瘤切除中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月—2011年1月经手术切除的104例肝海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料。其中26例行选择性半肝血流阻断(A组),78例行第一肝门阻断(Pringle法)(B组)。比较并分析两种方法对术中情况、术后肝功能恢复、并发症发生率等指标的影响。结果:104例手术均顺利完成。两组间术中失血量、输血量、阻断时间、血氧饱和度以及术后肠道恢复时间、并发症等指标的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但B组术中外周动脉血压及术中脉搏变化明显大于A组(均P<0.01)。术后肝功能指标如ALT,AST,ALB,TBIL等改变,B组优于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:肝海绵状血管瘤切除术中采用选择性半肝血流阻断,能有效地减轻肝血流阻断对全身血流动力学的影响,减轻缺血再灌注损伤,有利于术后肝功能恢复。     

Structural Asymmetry of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Correlates with Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from Healthy Individuals and Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

In this study,we investigated the role of structural asymmetry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC) in the continuum of depression from healthy individuals to patients.Structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 70 patients with major depressive disorder(MDD),49 matched controls,and 349 healthy university students to calculate structural asymmetry indexes of the DLPFC.First-episode,treatment-naive MDD patients showed a relatively lower asymmetry index than healthy controls,and their asymmetry index was negatively correlated with the depressive symptoms.This abnormality was normalized by antidepressants in medicated MDD patients.Furthermore,the asymmetry index was negatively correlated with the depressive symptoms in university students;this was replicated at two time points in a subgroup of students,suggesting good test–retest reliability.Our findings are consistent with previous studiesthat support the imbalance hypothesis of MDD and suggest a potential structural basis underlying the functional asymmetry of the DLPFC in depression.In future,the structural index of the DLPFC may become a potential biomarker to evaluate individuals' risk for the onset of MDD.     

Macro and micro structures in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex contribute to individual differences in self-monitoring

Individual differences in self-monitoring, which are the capability to adjust behavior to adapt to social situations, influence a wide range of social behaviors. However, understanding of focal differences in brain structures related to individual self-monitoring is minimal, particularly when micro and macro structures are considered simultaneously. The present study investigates the relationship between self-monitoring and brain structure in a relatively large sample of young adults. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed a significant positive correlation between self-monitoring and gray matter volume in the dorsal cingulate anterior cortex (dACC), dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and bilateral ventral striatum (VS). Further analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between self-monitoring and white matter (WM) integrity, as indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA) in the anterior cingulum (ACG) bundle. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between self-monitoring and mean radius diffusion (RD). These results shed light on the structural neural basis of variation in self-monitoring.