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Using monoclonal antibodies to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), we have analyzed the development of the dendritic bundles formed by cholinergic sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in relationship to changes in the organization of glial fibers. In adult rat thoracic spinal cord, SPNs in the intermediolateral (IML) and central autonomic (CA) regions extend dendrites in both the mediolateral and rostrocaudal directions, forming a ladder-like pattern in horizontal sections of thoracic spinal cord. We report that, while the mediolateral dendrites form prenatally, the rostrocaudal dendritic bundles are not detected until at least a week later, during early postnatal life. The rostrocaudal dendrites develop rapidly during the first postnatal week, and achieve an adult-like pattern by postnatal day 14. The observed ontogenetic arrangements of dendritic bundles were correlated with the developing organization of astroglial processes with which they are intimately associated. While the appearance of mediolateral dendrites is consistent with the radial organization of glial in the embryonic spinal cord, the developmental time course of the rostrocaudal dendritic bundles coincides with the transformation of glial cells from this predominantly radial or transverse orientation to the randomly-oriented, stellate pattern of mature astrocytes. This temporal association suggests that ontogenetic changes in the organization of glial cells may contribute to the differential development of mediolateral and rostrocaudal dendritic patterns in the spinal cord. 相似文献
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Summary. Clones of an African cassava mosaic virus isolate originating from Nigeria (ACMV-NOg) were shown to be infectious to cassava by biolistic inoculation. The production of pseudorecombinants between ACMV-NOg and clones of an ACMV isolate originating from Kenya (ACMV-K) indicated that the lack of infectivity of ACMV-K to cassava
was due to defect(s) in the DNA B genomic component; this component encodes two proteins involved in cell-to-cell movement.
This is the first demonstration of infectivity of a cloned geminivirus to cassava and conclusively proves that ACMV is the
causative agent of cassava mosaic disease. The potential uses of infectious ACMV clones and the means by which to introduce
them into cassava are discussed.
Received January 18, 1998 Accepted May 27, 1998 相似文献
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The heating performance of prototype variable power control units attached to two domestic microwave ovens, 500 W and 700 W, was investigated. The units employed the phase control method where rated voltage was obtained by switching AC supply at a particular angular position on the sinusoidal voltage. In order to create experimental conditions employed in a previous study, Sydney tap water (50 mL) was heated at a 10% power level in the 500 W oven. Water boiled at 10 min in both experiments. However, the precision and control of the heating was greatly improved with addition of the control unit. A disinfecting solution (50 mL) and a tissue fixative (10 mL) were included for experiments with the 700 W oven. A power level of only 1% was sufficient to maintain the temperature of the fixative at low temperatures (30-40 degrees C) where many biological reactions occur. The present results indicate that microwave heating power can be controlled by the variable power control method. This will make temperature control possible through the provision of an electronic feedback loop which links a thermocouple with the power control unit. 相似文献
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Perforated colorectal neoplasms: correlation of clinical, contrast enema, and CT examinations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hulnick DH; Megibow AJ; Balthazar EJ; Gordon RB; Surapenini R; Bosniak MA 《Radiology》1987,164(3):611-615
Results of clinical, contrast enema (CE), and computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 39 patients with perforated colorectal neoplasms were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty patients were toxemic at initial presentation, but in only four patients was the diagnosis of perforated colorectal neoplasm initially suspected clinically. CE study was performed in 22 patients and enabled the diagnosis of perforated neoplasm in 11 cases, neoplasm alone in eight, and neither neoplasm nor perforation in three. CT was performed in 38 patients and enabled the diagnosis of perforated neoplasm in 36; pericolic phlegmon but no mass lesion was evident in two. In 16 patients, CT also demonstrated metastatic disease. Because of its reliability in establishing the diagnosis and staging the extent of the inflammatory and neoplastic disease, CT is indicated in cases of suspected or proved perforated colorectal neoplasm and in cases in which CE study findings are indeterminate or suggestive of perforated neoplasm. 相似文献
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