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排序方式: 共有763条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Patient education: history, development, and current directions of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
With their unique perspectives in the identification, design, promotion, and evaluation of cancer patient education programs and services, the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society have the abilities to meet a wide variety of cancer patient education needs. With federal support and connections to national organizations and the comprehensive and clinical cancer center networks, the National Cancer Institute has access to nationwide experts in medical care and the resources to develop, design, and promote quality, state-of-the-art education programs. The American Cancer Society, with its strong volunteer community base, can pull together local expertise and collaborate with local organizations to meet the special needs of local population groups. In addition, the American Cancer Society volunteer committees have the flexibility to individualize programming and resources to answer specific patient/family education problems. As the number of people affected by cancer continues to raise, and as organizations realize the need to maximize their resources with collaborative efforts, the National Cancer Institute and the American Cancer Society are challenged to focus their energies on the patient education initiatives that build upon and combine their unique strengths. 相似文献
3.
Golli M; Van Nhieu JT; Mathieu D; Zafrani ES; Cherqui D; Dhumeaux D; Vasile N; Rahmouni A 《Radiology》1994,190(3):741
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MGC Hendriks P Dogterom JT Ebels B Oosterhuis LR Geertsema T Hulot G Bianchetti and JHG Jonkman 《Fundamental & clinical pharmacology》1998,12(5):559-565
Summary— In the present study we have compared the steady state biopharmaceutic characteristics of four diltiazem once daily controlled release capsules: Mono-Tildiem LP 300® (300 mg), Adizem® XL (300 mg)1, Cardizem® (300 mg) and Dilacor® (240 mg). Sixteen healthy male volunteers (aged 22.9 ± 3.3 years, range 19–31 years) completed an open label, multiple oral dose, randomized, four-period crossover study without a washout period in between. The volunteers received each diltiazem formulation once daily for four days. Trough diltiazem and metabolites plasma concentrations were determined on days 3 and 4. The 24-h plasma concentration-time profiles were assessed after the dose on day 4 of each period. The following steady state pharmacokinetic parameters for diltiazem were calculated: the minimum plasma concentration (cmin), the maximum plasma concentration (cmax), the time to reach that concentration (tmax), the time interval during which the plasma concentration exceeds 50% of cmax (t50), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC72–96) and the peak-to-trough fluctuation (PTF). For the metabolites of diltiazem, N-mono-desmethyl-diltiazem (NDM) and desacetyldiltiazem (DAD), AUC72–96 (AUCNDM and AUCDAD) and the ratio metabolite/parent compound were calculated. Steady state was achieved on day 3. Except one, all controlled release formulations have satisfactory controlled release properties allowing once daily administration. However, significant (P < 0.05) differences were found between the pharmacokinetic characteristics which do not allow exchange of the various formulations. Concentrations well below 50 ng·mL-1 in the morning hours were observed for Dilacor® (240 mg) and Adizem® XL (300 mg), which could be a disadvantage of these formulations as it is well-known that ischaemic events occur at a higher rate during that part of the day. The plasma concentration profiles of NDM and DAD, the major circulating metabolites, parallel the plasma concentration profiles for the parent compound. From a clinical point of view, all treatments were well tolerated. 相似文献
6.
Bradley S Daines Alexander R Kent Melissa S McAleer Craig E Crosson 《Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics》2003,19(2):113-119
PURPOSE: Adenosine receptors modulate several ocular responses; however, our understanding of factors that influence ocular extracellular adenosine levels is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate how changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) influence endogenous levels of the purines adenosine and inosine, in the aqueous humor of normal and ocular-hypertensive patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Informed consent was obtained from 51 individuals undergoing cataract extraction or glaucoma surgical procedures. IOP was measured immediately prior to surgery. At the start of the surgical procedure, an aqueous sample of 75-100 microL was obtained. Purine levels were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. RESULTS: In normotensive individuals, mean aqueous adenosine and inosine levels were 5.2 +/- 1.1 and 19.4 +/- 2.2 ng/100 microL, respectively. No significant correlation between IOP and purine concentration was measured in this group. In ocular hypertensive individuals, the mean aqueous adenosine and inosine concentration was significantly elevated when compared to normotensive individuals. In the ocular hypertensive individual, this elevation in adenosine level was significantly correlated with IOP (r(2) = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that in ocular hypertensive individuals, aqueous adenosine concentration is correlated with IOP. As the activation of adenosine receptors can modulate IOP and retinal blood flow, adenosine release during periods of ocular hypertension may play an important role in the physiological responses to elevated IOP. 相似文献
7.
Intestinal obstruction proximal to a transition zone without an interposed physical barrier usually indicates Hirschsprung disease. The authors report one case of focal small bowel muscular thinning just distal to a transition zone that produced clinical and radiographic findings that simulated long-segment Hirschsprung disease in a 2-day-old infant. 相似文献
8.
Development of hatching blastocysts from immature human oocytes following in-vitro maturation and fertilization using a co-culture system 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Hwu YM; Lee RK; Chen CP; Su JT; Chen YW; Lin SP 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(7):1916-1921
Recently, in-vitro maturation (IVM) of immature human oocytes recovered
from non-stimulated follicles has been applied in the treatment of
infertility. However, in previous reports, very few embryos cultured in
conventional medium have reached the expanded blastocyst stage following
in-vitro maturation and fertilization (IVM/IVF). The objective of this
study was to investigate whether the developmental competence of human
embryos following IVM/IVF could be enhanced by the use of a human ampullary
cell co-culture system. Immature human oocytes were aspirated from small
follicles at Caesarean section and then cultured in medium containing human
menopausal gonadotrophin for 36 to 48 h, followed by insemination. Zygotes
were randomly cultured either in conventional culture medium alone or in
the co-culture system. Of 48 embryos cultured in conventional medium alone,
all arrested at the 2-16- cell stage on day 3 after insemination. Of 46
embryos cultured in the co-culture system, 26 embryos (56.5%) arrested at
the 2-16-cell stage. Six embryos (13%) developed to the morula stage.
Fourteen embryos (30.4%) developed to expanded blastocysts and two
blastocysts were hatching on day 7 after insemination. We conclude that
co-culture significantly enhances the development of blastocysts in embryos
resulting from IVM/IVF.
相似文献
9.
The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
Manning JT; Scutt D; Wilson J; Lewis-Jones DI 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(11):3000-3004
The differentiation of the urinogenital system and the appendicular
skeleton in vertebrates is under the control of Hox genes. The common
control of digit and gonad differentiation raises the possibility that
patterns of digit formation may relate to spermatogenesis and hormonal
concentrations. This work was concerned with the ratio between the length
of the 2nd and 4th digit (2D:4D) in humans. We showed that (i) 2D:4D in
right and left hands has a sexually dimorphic pattern; in males mean 2D:4D
= 0.98, i.e. the 4th digit tended to be longer than the 2nd and in females
mean 2D:4D = 1.00, i.e. the 2nd and 4th digits tended to be of equal
length. The dimorphism is present from at least age 2 years and 2D:4D is
probably established in utero; (ii) high 2D:4D ratio in right hands was
associated with germ cell failure in men (P = 0.04); (iii) sperm number was
negatively related to 2D:4D in the right hand (P = 0.004); (iv) in men
testosterone concentrations were negatively related to right hand 2D:4D and
in women and men LH (right hand), oestrogen (right and left hands) and
prolactin (right hand) concentrations were positively correlated with 2D:4D
ratio and (v) 2D:4D ratio in right hands remained positively related to
luteinizing hormone and oestrogen after controlling for sex, age, height
and weight.
相似文献
10.