New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network: A collaboration for acute care research in New Zealand

The specialty of emergency medicine in Australasia is coming of age. As part of this maturation there is a need for high‐quality evidence to inform practice. This article describes the development of the New Zealand Emergency Medicine Network, a collaboration of committed emergency care researchers who share the vision that New Zealand/Aotearoa will have a world‐leading, patient‐centred emergency care research network, which will improve emergency care for all, so that people coming to any ED in the country will have access to the same world‐class emergency care.     

儿童肺炎支原体感染状况分析

目的 探讨儿童的肺炎支原体(MP)感染现状及早期诊断的意义。方法 检测181例就诊儿童血液标本分析MP感染的状况。结果 肺炎支原体感染率为29.8％;男性患儿MP检测阳性率(35.7％)明显高于女性患儿(16.4％)(P<0.01);5岁以下患儿阳性率超过50％,且有3例婴儿检测阳性;10-12月份支原体肺炎发病率明显增加,占全年的40.7％。结论 针对儿童支原体肺炎的发病情况,早诊断,早治疗,利于患儿尽早康复,防止肺部病变迁延及肺外并发症的发生。     

艾滋病142例临床表现分析

目的艾滋病(AIDS),是严重危害人类健康的疾病,临床上症状多变,应提高对AIDS的认识。现将作者在西非工作期间收治的142例AIDS病例的临床表现作一介绍。方法病例均为当地黑人居民,男性89例,女性53例,年龄14～45岁,平均年龄27.65岁。用酶联免疫吸附法和快速法检测患者血清中HIV—1和 HIV—2抗体。结果 HIV—1型25例(35.00％);HIV-2型74例(52.11％);混合型32例(22.53％)。临床表现为脑膜脑炎或脑炎7例(4.93％);肺型27例(19.01％);胃肠道感染84例(59.15％):包括急性48例(33.80％),慢性24例(16.90％),急腹症12例(8.45％);皮肤粘膜损害18例(12.68％):卡波齐肉瘤6例(4.23％),带状疱疹2例(1.41％),皮炎10例(7.04％),病死率19.72％(28/142)。其传播途径以性传播为主,高达78.87％(112/142),其次是密切生活接触,未发现吸毒或输血者。结论艾滋病病死率高,病情复杂,且目前尚无特效药物,必须引起医护人员高度重视。     

放射性肝纤维化过程的定量研究

经＾６０Ｃｏγ线照射大鼠肝区，通过光镜、电镜和图像分析仪、宣研究了照后１年肝脏的病理改变。结果表明，３０Ｇｙ组在照射后１年内逐渐发生了放射性肝纤维化病变。在肝纤维化发生过程中，肝细胞内糖原颗凿含量进行性减少，间质中胶原纤维含量进行性增加，网状纤维于照射１－３个月呈进行性增加。     

感染性心内膜炎因诊断或治疗失误所导致的并发症

选择因诊治失误导致严重并发症的四例感染性心内膜炎进行分析,提出改善此病预后的三个方面:提高对感染性心内膜炎的识别能力;坚持早期、足量、长程使用抗生素的治疗原则;对有适应症者及时手术治疗。     

Effect of estrogen on calcium homeostasis and pituitary hormones in the growing chick

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of a range of estradiol (E2) doses (0.1-6.5 micrograms/g body wt/day) on vitamin D metabolism and the plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) in the growing chick. Doses of 0.5-0.7 microgram/g E2, which are insufficient to raise the plasma calcium level, did induce an increase in growth rate, an increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1-hydroxylase) and 24-hydroxylase activities, and an increase in plasma GH level. These parameters leveled off or fell over the dose range 1-2 micrograms/g E2 but there was evidence of a second peak in 1-hydroxylase activity at 6 micrograms/g E2. At this high dose rate, the plasma Ca level rose to 8 mM, as it does in the laying hen; 24-hydroxylase activity, growth rate, and plasma GH and plasma PRL levels all decreased. It was concluded that the dose response to estrogen in the growing chick is not linear and, in the case of 1-hydroxylase activity, may even be biphasic.     

马来酸罗格列酮胃漂浮型缓释片的研究

目的：根据流体动力学平衡控释原理（HBS）研制了马来酸罗列酮胃漂浮型缓释片。方法；以体外释放度和漂浮情况为筛选指标，采用单因素考察和正交试验设计相结合， 对胃漂浮缓释片的处方、制备工艺及体外释放条件进行优化筛选；采用γ闪烁照相技术对优化处方的内漂浮情况进行胃内动态观察。结果：马来酸罗格列酮胃漂浮缓释片在释放介质中迅速起漂，持漂时间超过12h,12h达最大累积释放；初步确定在胃内滞留时间达3h以上。结论：优化处方的释放过程符合Higuchi方程，释放机制为异常扩散；胃漂浮片在胃滞时间明显长于普通片。