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Williams AA Parashar UD Stoica A Ridzon R Kirschke DL Meyer RF McClellan J Fischer M Nelson R Cartter M Hadler JL Jernigan JA Mast EE Swerdlow DL;Connecticut Anthrax Investigation Team 《Emerging infectious diseases》2002,8(10):1078-1082
On November 19, 2001, a case of inhalational anthrax was identified in a 94-year-old Connecticut woman, who later died. We conducted intensive surveillance for additional anthrax cases, which included collecting data from hospitals, emergency departments, private practitioners, death certificates, postal facilities, veterinarians, and the state medical examiner. No additional cases of anthrax were identified. The absence of additional anthrax cases argued against an intentional environmental release of Bacillus anthracis in Connecticut and suggested that, if the source of anthrax had been cross-contaminated mail, the risk for anthrax in this setting was very low. This surveillance system provides a model that can be adapted for use in similar emergency settings. 相似文献
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Environmental sampling for spores of Bacillus anthracis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Teshale EH Painter J Burr GA Mead P Wright SV Cseh LF Zabrocki R Collins R Kelley KA Hadler JL Swerdlow DL;Connecticut Anthrax Response Team 《Emerging infectious diseases》2002,8(10):1083-1087
On November 11, 2001, following the bioterrorism-related anthrax attacks, the U.S. Postal Service collected samples at the Southern Connecticut Processing and Distribution Center; all samples were negative for Bacillus anthracis. After a patient in Connecticut died from inhalational anthrax on November 19, the center was sampled again on November 21 and 25 by using dry and wet swabs. All samples were again negative for B. anthracis. On November 28, guided by information from epidemiologic investigation, we sampled the site extensively with wet wipes and surface vacuum sock samples (using HEPA vacuum). Of 212 samples, 6 (3%) were positive, including one from a highly contaminated sorter. Subsequently B. anthracis was also detected in mail-sorting bins used for the patient's carrier route. These results suggest cross-contaminated mail as a possible source of anthrax for the inhalational anthrax patient in Connecticut. In future such investigations, extensive sampling guided by epidemiologic data is imperative. 相似文献
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Begier EM Barrett NL Mshar PA Johnson DG Hadler JL;Connecticut Bioterrorism Field Epidemiology Response Team 《Emerging infectious diseases》2005,11(9):1483-1486
Connecticut established telephone-based gram-positive rod (GPR) reporting primarily to detect inhalational anthrax cases more quickly. From March to December 2003, annualized incidence of blood isolates was 21.3/100,000 persons; reports included 293 Corynebacterium spp., 193 Bacillus spp., 73 Clostridium spp., 26 Lactobacillus spp., and 49 other genera. Around-the-clock GPR reporting has described GPR epidemiology and enhanced rapid communication with clinical laboratories. 相似文献
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