全文获取类型
收费全文 | 488篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 10篇 |
妇产科学 | 10篇 |
基础医学 | 34篇 |
口腔科学 | 27篇 |
临床医学 | 45篇 |
内科学 | 189篇 |
皮肤病学 | 5篇 |
神经病学 | 36篇 |
特种医学 | 12篇 |
外科学 | 51篇 |
综合类 | 29篇 |
预防医学 | 14篇 |
药学 | 42篇 |
肿瘤学 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 20篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 30篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1929年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有517条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
The effects of sustained changes in sympathetic activity, produced by intracisternal (i.c.) infusion of yohimbine or clonidine, on the formation of the intraneuronal noradrenaline metabolite, dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), and on the efficiency of noradrenaline reuptake were examined in conscious rabbits. Noradrenaline spillover was estimated by radiotracer dilution analysis of i.v. infused [3H]noradrenaline. Noradrenaline reuptake was estimated from the amount of DHPG derived from recaptured neurotransmitter and the effects of desipramine-induced neuronal uptake blockade on noradrenaline clearance and plasma [3H]DHPG. The efficiency of neuronal reuptake was assessed from relationships between noradrenaline reuptake and spillover. Sustained sympathetic activation with i.c. yohimbine increased the amount of plasma DHPG that was derived from recaptured noradrenaline as well as that derived from other sources. Acute administration of desipramine decreased both components so that the decrease in plasma DHPG overestimated the amount derived from recaptured noradrenaline. Thus, estimation of the component of plasma DHPG that was derived from recaptured noradrenaline was most accurately achieved by examination of relationships between plasma noradrenaline and DHPG. Noradrenaline reuptake and spillover into plasma were decreased by i.c. infusion of clonidine and increased by i.c. infusion of yohimbine. Neither i.c. infusion of clonidine nor yohimbine altered relationships between noradrenaline reuptake and spillover indicating that the efficiency of neuronal reuptake was unaltered by sustained changes in sympathetic activity. 相似文献
3.
R Rondinelli J Murphy A Esler T Marciano C Cholmakjian 《American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation / Association of Academic Physiatrists》1992,71(4):219-224
The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and clinical significance of surface measurement error in the determination of lumbar spinal flexion. Intrarater, inter-rater and intermethod reliability estimates were obtained using single inclinometry, double inclinometry and back range-of-motion inclinometry methods. Eight healthy subjects were examined independently by two experienced observers and three replicates of each measurement were obtained by each observer in a random sequence. In addition, three replicates of lumbar flexion angles were obtained for each subject by a single observer using the B-200. Reliability estimates were determined by intraclass correlation coefficients and were further compared by paired t tests between observation series. The median range of error was 8.5 degrees using the single inclinometer, 10.5 degrees using the double inclinometer and 16 degrees using the back range-of-motion. The intrarater reliability was generally higher than inter-rater reliability and intermethod reliability was low in most cases reflecting the poor cross-validity across inclinometry methods and between each inclinometry method and the B-200. In conclusion, significant measurement error in estimating lumbar flexion by inclinometry may be expected to occur even in a "controlled" setting using experienced observers, standard examination techniques and asymptomatic healthy subjects. These findings appear to undermine the expectation that the clinician can reliably apply surface inclinometry to estimate loss of spinal mobility for purposes of impairment determination. 相似文献
4.
Sympathetic nerve activity and neurotransmitter release in humans: translation from pathophysiology into clinical practice 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Esler M Lambert G Brunner-La Rocca HP Vaddadi G Kaye D 《Acta physiologica Scandinavica》2003,177(3):275-284
AIM: There has been a revolution in cardiovascular neuroscience in recent years with, in some cases, translation into clinical practice of the knowledge of pathophysiology gained through application of sympathetic nerve recording and catecholamine isotope dilution methodology. OBESITY-RELATED HYPERTENSION: An earlier hypothesis, based on findings in most models, was that weight gain in obesity is due in part to sympathetic nervous underactivity reducing thermogenesis. Microneurography and regional noradrenaline spillover measurements in human obesity have disproven this hypothesis, weakening the case for the use of beta3-adrenergic agonists to stimulate thermogenesis. Sympathetic nerve firing rates in post-ganglionic fibres directed to the skeletal muscle vasculature are increased, as is renal sympathetic tone, with a doubling of the spillover rate of noradrenaline from the kidneys. Given these findings, antiadrenergic antihypertensive drugs may be the preferred agents for obesity-related hypertension, but this has not been adequately tested. ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: Whether stress causes high blood pressure, previously hotly debated, has been under recent review by an Australian Government body, the Specialist Medical Review Council. Despite medicolegal implications, the ruling was that stress is one proven cause of hypertension. The judgment was reached after consideration of the epidemiological evidence, but in particular the described neural pathophysiology of essential hypertension: (a) persistent sympathetic nervous stimulation is commonly present, (b) suprabulbar projections of noradrenergic brainstem neurones are activated and (c) adrenaline is released as a cotransmitter in sympathetic nerves. These were taken to be biological markers of stress. CARDIAC FAILURE: At one time, the failing heart was thought to be sympathetically denervated. Longterm administration of inotropic adrenergic agonists, to provide the cardiac catecholamine stimulation thought to be lacking, increased mortality. Noradrenaline isotope dilution methodology subsequently demonstrated that the sympathetic outflow to the heart was preferentially activated, cardiac noradrenaline spillover being increased as much as 50-fold. The level of stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic nerves was the most powerful predictor of death. These observations provide the theoretical foundation for the very successful introduction of beta-adrenergic blockers for treatment of heart failure. 相似文献
5.
Glycoproteins present in human follicular fluid that inhibit the zona- binding capacity of spermatozoa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Previous studies have suggested that human follicular fluid contains
factors that reduce the zona-binding capacity of spermatozoa. The present
study provides further evidence of the existence of such factors. Using the
hemizona binding assay (HZA), we have shown that the inhibitory effect of
human follicular fluid on the zona-binding capacity of spermatozoa is
concentration-dependent, an inhibitory effect being detected when the
concentration of human follicular fluid was > or = 10%. A 1%
concentration of human follicular fluid did not possess this inhibitory
activity. Heating human follicular fluid at 56 degrees C for 30 min did not
affect its inhibitory properties; treatment with proteinase-K abolished
such inhibition. Human follicular fluid was fractionated sequentially by
concanavalin-A affinity chromatography, Mono Q ion-exchange chromatography
and Superose-12 gel filtration. The zona binding inhibitory activity
resided in the fraction which bound to the lectin and Mono Q column and
contained molecules with native molecular weights of 32 and 192 kDa. Sodium
dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that
the 192 kDa glycoprotein was a tetramer, while the 32 kDa glycoprotein
remained as a single molecular species under denaturing conditions. We
conclude that two glycoproteins were responsible for the zona binding
inhibitory activity of human follicular fluid. The physiological role of
these factors remains unclear.
相似文献
6.
Overflow of catecholamine neurotransmitters to the circulation: source, fate, and functions 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
M Esler G Jennings G Lambert I Meredith M Horne G Eisenhofer 《Physiological reviews》1990,70(4):963-985
7.
MW Lieberman R Barrios G Kala SV Kala ED Lykissa CN Ou 《Environmental health perspectives》1999,107(9):A444-A445
Respond on comments on Lieberman's article: Cyclosiloxanes Produce Fatal Liver and Lung Damage in Mice. Environ Health Perspect 107:161-165 相似文献
8.
Kangaroo Care with a ventilated preterm infant 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
9.
10.
Neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and production of dihydroxyphenylglycol by cardiac sympathetic nerves in the anesthetized dog 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BACKGROUND. Reuptake of norepinephrine by cardiac sympathetic nerves before and during two levels of electrical stimulation of the left ansa subclavia was estimated in anesthetized dogs from the cardiac production of dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), the intraneuronal metabolite of norepinephrine. METHODS AND RESULTS. The method depended on the effects of neuronal uptake blockade with desipramine on the cardiac production of [3H]DHPG from intravenously infused [3H]norepinephrine. The ratio of the desipramine-induced decrease in the cardiac extraction of [3H]norepinephrine to the production of [3H]DHPG was used to transform the cardiac production of DHPG from recaptured norepinephrine into a rate for norepinephrine reuptake. Cardiac spillover of norepinephrine into plasma increased from 49 +/- 12 to 205 +/- 40 and 451 +/- 118 pmol/min during sympathetic activation. Cardiac DHPG production increased from 108 +/- 18 to 166 +/- 34 and 240 +/- 47 pmol/min. Desipramine decreased resting cardiac DHPG production by 20% and completely blocked the stimulation-induced increase. Thus, most (80%) cardiac DHPG produced at rest was derived from norepinephrine leaking from storage vesicles. This amount remained constant, and that derived from recaptured norepinephrine increased during sympathetic activation. The cardiac extraction of [3H]norepinephrine (126,000 dpm/min) and production of [3H]DHPG (3,790 dpm/min) were decreased by 55-57% after desipramine. Thus, only 3% of the norepinephrine recaptured by cardiac sympathetic nerves appeared in plasma as DHPG. The remainder was sequestered into storage vesicles (more than 94%) or ultimately formed metabolites other than DHPG (less than 3%). Reuptake of norepinephrine by cardiac sympathetic nerves was 1,188 +/- 476 pmol/min and increased in parallel with cardiac norepinephrine spillover to 4,182 +/- 1,982 and 6,594 +/- 2,241 pmol/min during sympathetic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS. Of the norepinephrine released by cardiac sympathetic nerves, 16-fold more was recaptured than entered plasma. Combined estimation of norepinephrine reuptake and spillover offers an approach to assess the efficiency of neuronal reuptake in disorders of cardiac function. 相似文献