淋巴瘤细胞转染GM-CSF 基因后生物学特性的变化

目的：制备高表达GM－CSF的淋巴瘤细胞系，观察淋巴瘤细胞转染GM－CSF基因后生物学特性的改变。方法：将小鼠GF－CSF真核表达质粒用电穿孔法导入小鼠淋巴瘤细胞系RMA，有限稀释法制备单个细胞克隆，经RT－PCR，骨髓祖细胞增殖实验和集落形成实验筛选相对高表达GM－CSF的RMA克隆，并观察其生物学特性的改变。结果：获得了高表达GM－CS的RMA细胞系,其同基因动物体内致瘤性降低。结论：淋巴瘤细胞系RMA转染GM－CSF基因后致瘤性降低。     

Long-term results of first-line sequential high-dose carboplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support for patients with advanced testicular germ cell tumor

OBJECTIVE: Standard chemotherapy shows relatively low long-term survival in patients with poor-risk testicular germ cell tumor (GCT). First-line high-dose chemotherapy (HD-CT) may improve the result. High-dose carboplatin, etoposide, ifosfamide chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) was investigated as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced testicular GCT. METHODS: Fifty-five previously untreated testicular GCT patients with Indiana 'advanced disease' criteria received three cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) followed by one cycle of HD-CT plus PBSCT, if elevated serum tumor markers were observed after three cycles of the BEP regimen. RESULTS: Thirty patients were treated with BEP alone, because the tumor marker(s) declined to normal range. Twenty-five patients received BEP and HD-CT. One patient died of rhabdomyolysis due to HD-CT. Three and six (13% and 25%) out of 24 patients treated with BEP and HD-CT achieved marker-negative and marker-positive partial responses, respectively. The other patients achieved no change. Fifteen (63%) are alive and 14 (58%) are free of disease at a median follow-up time of 54 months. Severe toxicity included treatment-related death (4%). CONCLUSIONS: HD-CT with peripheral stem cell support can be successfully applied in a multicenter setting. HD-CT demonstrated modest anticancer activity for Japanese patients with advanced testicular GCT and was well tolerated. This regimen might be examined for further investigation in randomized trials in first-line chemotherapy for patients with poor-risk testicular GCT.     

抗蝮蛇毒磷酸二酯酶单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

从蝮蛇毒中提取磷酸二酯酶,用此酶免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞Fo融合,以间接ELISA检测杂交瘤细胞培养上清液和小鼠腹水中的特异性抗体,其效价分别为1∶128和1∶51 200.抗原阻断试验结果表明,此抗体对蛇毒磷酸二酯酶具有特异性.该杂交瘤细胞株定为G_8,该株单抗属鼠IgG_(2a)亚型,经体外持续培养6个月,其分泌抗体性能稳定.     

应用单克隆抗体检测肺癌病人外周血中T细胞亚群

本文应用单克隆抗体检测33例原发性肺癌病人治疗前后外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群变化。结果提示:肺癌病人外周血中T细胞亚群明显有别于正常人,主要表现为T_H细胞降低和T_S细胞升高以及T_H/T_S比值明显倒置。短期观察结果表明,肺癌病人外周血中T_S细胞持续升高和T_H/T_S比值持续降低者,预后不良。临床检测T细胞亚群变化及它们的动态变化可作为判断宿主抗肿瘤免疫功能状态、病情发展和预后的敏感指标。     

人乳腺病变组织AgNORs的形态定量分析

目的：探讨计算机图像分析技术对乳腺肿瘤核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（AgNORs）表达在病理学诊断中的意义。方法：选取乳癌、乳腺结构不良、乳腺纤维腺瘤及正常乳腺组织各20例，应用图像分析系统和嗜银染色技术，对乳腺病变组织的AgNORs进行形态计量学分析，观察每个细胞的胞核面积、核周长以及AgNOR颗粒数目、颗粒面积、AgNOR的大颗粒数、形态因子、面积比值、平均面积等8项参数。结果：正常乳腺及乳腺结构不良、乳腺纤维腺瘤组织的细胞核面积、核周长以及AgNOR颗粒数目、颗粒面积明显小于乳癌组织（P＜0．01），AgNOR的大颗粒数、形态因子、面积比值、平均面积在乳癌组织与乳腺纤维腺瘤及正常乳腺组织间差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。上述8项参数4组间多类判别分析回代符合率为72．5％，癌和非癌的判别回代符合率达100％。结论：图像分析对于乳腺良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断具有重要价值，是一精确、客观的AgNOR定量研究手段。     

瑞血新治疗肿瘤放化疗中白细胞减少临床研究

目的探讨瑞血新(rhG-CSF)治疗因放化疗而引起的白细胞减少的作用。方法应用瑞血新治疗65例恶性肿瘤在放、化疗引起的白细胞减少,并与应用一般升白细胞药物(中成药)治疗58例恶性肿瘤所致白细胞减少进行了对比观察。结果瑞血新和一般升白细胞药物均能使放、化疗白细胞下降的患者恢复至正常范围(4×109/L),但应用瑞血新组白细胞回升到正常的平均时间为3.5d,而一般对照组需要11.2d,瑞血新组最低值为(2.1×109/L),对照组最低值0.8×109/L(两者显著差异P＜0.01)。结果瑞血新与传统中药相比,能明显缩短白细胞回升到正常的时间,减轻白细胞下降的程度,有助于放化疗如期进行。     

顺铂化疗期间恶心呕吐的治疗及护理

目的：探讨舒必利预防／控制顺铂化疗后所致消化道迟发性恶心,呕吐的效果及有关护理措施。方法：采用自身对照法,观察86例恶性肿瘤患者对以顺铂为主的联合化疗后于第1周期口服舒必利,第2周期肌肉注射胃复安,预防迟发性恶心,呕吐疗效的对比观察,结果：第2,3,4天有效率舒必利为83．7％,83．7％,93％,胃复安为50％,53．7％,81．4％（P＜0．05）,结论：舒必利疗效优于胃复安,副作用少。     

蝎毒抗癌多肽对H22带瘤小鼠放疗后脂质过氧化的影响

目的 :观察蝎毒抗癌多肽 (APBMV)与放疗 (RT)合用对H2 2 带瘤小鼠脂质过氧化的影响。方法 :取H2 2 带瘤小鼠 10 0只 ,观察不同剂量APBMV与放疗合用后肿瘤生长抑制率 (IR)、血清SOD活力和LPO含量的变化。结果 :放疗后第 6d和第 9d ,RT与APBMV合用后瘤重明显降低 ,IR最高达 78.2 8%和 70 .45 % ,高于单用RT组和APBMV组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;RT组SOD活力最低 ,LPO含量最高 (与对照组比较 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,RT +APBMV高剂量组SOD活力明显提高 ,LPO含量显著降低 (与RT组比较 ,P <0 .0 1) ,接近空白对照水平。结论 :APBMV与放疗合用对H2 2 的抑制作用比单纯放疗和单用APBMV增强 ,APBMV可减轻辐射所致的脂质过氧化损伤     

单肺通气时肺内分流与PETCO2的相关性研究

目的：研究单肺通气时PETCO2和Qs/Qt之间的关系。方法：选择28例择期开胸手术的患者分别于TLV 20min、OLV 5min、15min、30min、60min测动脉血和混合静脉血气并同时记录PETCO2,计算Qs/Qt,进行统计学处理。结果：OLV时不同时段PETCO2、PaCO2、Qs/Qt比TLV时增大(P＜0.05),TLV时PETCO2与Qs/Qt不相关(r=-0.0230,P=0.9077)。OLV时PETCO2与Qs/Qt相关(r=0.4739,P=0.00001),其直线回归方程为y=3.4862+0.0147x(y=PETCO2,x=Qs/Qt)。结论：OLV时PETCO2与Qs/Qt呈直线相关,PETCO2随Qs/Qt增加而增大。     

Practice protocol for the examination of specimens removed from patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, and urethra

This article details a practice protocol for the examination and reporting of specimens removed from patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, or urethra. It was created by a multidisciplinary task force of pathologists and oncologists established by the Cancer Committee of the College of American Pathologists. Documentation for the protocol was obtained from the previously published protocol, the medical literature, personal experience, and consultation with colleagues. After creation and review by the task force, the protocol was sent to 1000 randomly selected practicing pathologists as a survey. Their comments and suggestions were addressed in the final version. The protocol was approved by the Board of Governors of the College of American Pathologists.