Bildgebende Diagnostik bei Verletzungen des Ellbogengelenks

Trauma und Berufskrankheit - Zusammenfassung Der Nachweis oder Ausschluss ossärer Verletzungen am Ellbogengelenk wird primär mit der Projektionsradiographie in 2 Ebenen geführt....     

Psychogenic Disorders in German soldiers during World War I and II

In the First and Second World War German soldiers frequently suffered from psychogenic disorders. By comparison a change in the prevalences can be noted: in the First World War dissociative disorders dominated the clinical impression ("shell shock"), in the Second World War they could rarely be seen but were replaced by somatoform and psychosomatic diseases. The discussion about numerous reasons for this development has not been completed yet and is still not free from political attitudes. To achieve a more scientific point of view, the perspective of psychotraumatology might be helpful. According to psychotraumatic research, dissociative and somatoform disorders can emerge in a close relation to a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The choice of symptoms depends on personality traits of the victim, but also on specific factors that characterise the situation in which the trauma appears. The mixture of pathogenetic and protective influences includes e. g. the possibility of flight- or fight reactions, feelings of trauma-associated guilt and group cohesion in the military unit. These factors can be useful to help explain the change of symptoms between both wars. In addition the analysis of situational conditions in former wars can give hints to actual planning and prophylaxis strategies in modern military psychiatry, that has to adjust to very different military operation fields.     

Hydrocephalus internus als Erstmanifestation einer chronischen Listerienmeningitis bei einem jungen Säugling

Case report. A 6-week-old infant was admitted because the skull was growing rapidly. An internal hydrocephalus could be diagnosed. The CSF examinations led to the diagnosis chronic meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. The infant was treated with antibiotics and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted on both sides. Conclusion. A hydrocephalus in a young infant can be the result of a silent perinatal meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes.     

军事精神病学与军事部署:德国联邦国防军士兵中的创伤后应激障碍

冷战结束后15年间,联邦国防军的任务范围已经扩大为包括到国外执行任务.这类任务要求士兵承受特殊的心理压力.有些士兵在应激状态下出现非特异性应激症状,另有一些士兵则出现伤后应激障碍.联邦军事卫生部门形成了一项医学与心理学应激概念以组织对应激和创伤的预防.在军队医院中,特别是在汉堡的军队医院中,联邦军事卫生部门设立了专门的创伤治疗设施,本文对此做了详细的介绍.内容包括维和任务中的应激因素,士兵中的应激反应,伤后应激障碍的发生,急性应激反应,伤后应激障碍(PTSD),综合发病率,创伤的神经生物学,部队中的心理干预措施,心理应激管理概念,创伤治疗,眼动脱敏作用与后处理(EMDR)以及药物治疗.     

Long-term care and management of Wilson's disease in the GDR

Diagnosis, long-term management and family investigations of Wilson's disease are provided by selected clinical institutions in the GDR. From 187 patients detected since 1949, 111 are alive. In spite of the principal effectiveness of penicillamine treatment, confirmed by the disappearance of most of the central nervous system symptoms and successful professional rehabilitation of many patients, insufficient therapeutic discipline, psychosocial disturbances and penicillamine side-effects forcing its substitution by zinc or triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride in 14 cases need our further attention.     

Regional and cellular differences in fucosylation of glycomacromolecules in the mouse brain. A biochemical and autoradiographic study of early postnatal and adolescent animals

Mice of CBA strain of both sex were injected with [3H]fucose at age 2, 6, 12 or 30 days and the incorporation was determined biochemically 45, 90 and 180 min later. Biochemical measurements of the whole brain (at 90 min postinjection interval) revealed a stepwise age decrease in the amount of incorporated isotope (per mg protein). The amount of [3H]fucose available in the brain has however been found to decrease with age while the degree of its utilization increases. Thus, after correction of the data on [3H]fucose incorporation for the pool of the free isotope, a transient increase in fucosylation rate appeared at postnatal day 12 while the differences among 2-, 6- and 30-day-old animals became negligible. Further, the synthesis of fucosylated soluble glycomacromolecules appeared relatively higher at postnatal day 2 than in older age groups. Examination of different brain regions revealed that the rate of fucosylation is relatively highest in the olfactory bulbs; this prevalence starts appearing with age and becomes most evident in 30-day-old mice. Autoradiography carried out with 6- and 12-day-old animals revealed that the incorporation of [3H]fucose into meningovascular apparatus and the choroid plexus is a few times higher than into brain parenchyma. The regional differences appeared to be similar to those indicated by the biochemical data. Cellular analysis has shown that the incorporation is relatively higher in the cytoplasm of large projecting neurons of the cerebellum, hippocampus and the olfactory bulbs; in the latter region high amounts of macromolecule-bound [3H]fucose also appeared in the synaptic glomeruli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert increases cerebral cortical blood flow in rats

Focal electrical stimulation of the magnocellular nucleus of the basal forebrain (nucleus basalis of Meynert; NBM) or a microinjection of L-glutamate (50 nmol) into the NBM increased cerebral cortical blood flow in the parietal lobe in urethane-anesthetized rats. The vasodilative responses were elicited only ipsilateral to the site of stimulation. Most of the vasodilative responses were abolished by intravenous administrations of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic blocking agents (atropine 0.5 mg/kg and mecamylamine 2 mg/kg). This suggests that the cholinergic projecting system sending fibers from the NBM to the parietal lobe contributes to the vasodilation of the cortex by activating muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors.     

Aberrant methylation of DAPK in long-standing ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-associated carcinoma

Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) has pro-apoptotic functions and participates in various apoptotic systems. DAPK acts as a tumor suppressor, and its inactivation by promoter hypermethylation has been frequently observed in various human cancers. As alterations of pro-apoptotic genes might cause instability in the balance of cell-turnover during chronic inflammatory processes, epigenetic silencing of DAPK might be involved in the carcinogenesis of ulcerative colitis-associated carcinoma (UCC). To evaluate the role of DAPK in the inflammation-driven carcinogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), we analyzed promoter hypermethylation and protein expression of DAPK using methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry in 43 UCCs and paired UC-background mucosa, as well as in UC-background mucosa of 50 patients without UCC. The frequency of methylation of DAPK in UCCs was low (27.6%) compared to overall non-neoplastic UC-background mucosa (48.3%; p = 0.02) and sporadic colorectal carcinoma (57.4%, p = 0.019). The difference in the methylation frequency in UC-background mucosa in patients without UCC (54.2%), compared to those with UCC (40.0%), was not significant (p = 0.141). Promoter methylation correlated significantly with decreased DAPK protein expression (p < 0.001) and severity of inflammatory activity (p = 0.024). In unmethylated UC-background mucosa, DAPK protein expression increased with activity of UC-associated inflammation, suggesting a protective role of the pro-apoptotic DAPK during the chronic inflammatory process of UC. Thus, inactivation of DAPK by promoter hypermethylation might be crucial for accumulation of DNA damage in inflamed mucosa of UC, and might therefore contribute to the initiation of the neoplastic process and development of UC-associated carcinoma.