The 2001 Bethesda System: terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology

Diane Solomon, MD; Diane Davey, MD; Robert Kurman, MD; Ann Moriarty, MD; Dennis O'Connor, MD; Marianne Prey, MD; Stephen Raab, MD; Mark Sherman, MD; David Wilbur, MD; Thomas Wright, Jr, MD; Nancy Young, MD; for the Forum Group Members and the Bethesda 2001 Workshop

JAMA. 2002;287:2114-2119.

Objectives  The Bethesda 2001 Workshop was convened to evaluate and update the 1991 Bethesda System terminology for reporting the results of cervical cytology. A primary objective was to develop a new approach to broaden participation in the consensus process.

Participants  Forum groups composed of 6 to 10 individuals were responsible for developing recommendations for discussion at the workshop. Each forum group included at least 1 cytopathologist, cytotechnologist, clinician, and international representative to ensure a broad range of views and interests. More than 400 cytopathologists, cytotechnologists, histopathologists, family practitioners, gynecologists, public health physicians, epidemiologists, patient advocates, and attorneys participated in the workshop, which was convened by the National Cancer Institute and cosponsored by 44 professional societies. More than 20 countries were represented.

Evidence  Literature review, expert opinion, and input from an Internet bulletin board were all considered in developing recommendations. The strength of evidence of the scientific data was considered of paramount importance.

Consensus Process  Bethesda 2001 was a year-long iterative review process. An Internet bulletin board was used for discussion of issues and drafts of recommendations. More than 1000 comments were posted to the bulletin board over the course of 6 months. The Bethesda Workshop, held April 30-May 2, 2001, was open to the public. Postworkshop recommendations were posted on the bulletin board for a last round of critical review prior to finalizing the terminology.

Conclusions  Bethesda 2001 was developed with broad participation in the consensus process. The 2001 Bethesda System terminology reflects important advances in biological understanding of cervical neoplasia and cervical screening technology.

     

寻找HLA匹配无关供者概率曲线的计算及其应用

目的　建立在骨髓库中寻找到HLA匹配供者概率曲线P的回归方程式 ,并用于评估骨髓库的最适大小。方法　在哈迪 -温伯格群体中的HLA单体型频率可以从供者表型资料求得。寻找到一个HLA匹配供者的概率可以表示成供者数和HLA单体型频率的函数。使用对数曲线拟合方法推导出该概率曲线的回归方程。结果　笔者推导出在中国人骨髓库中寻找到至少一例HLA -A ,B ,DR抗原全配合供者概率的回归方程式为P =- 0 .6 7+0 .2 5lgN(N为骨髓库中的供者数 ,介于 5万到 1 0 0万 )。在骨髓库供者数达到 75万人时 ,大约 80 %的患者可以找到HLA配合供者。结论　找到HLA配合供者概率取决于骨髓库供者人数的多寡以及HLA单体型频率。HLA群体遗传学资料有助于决定骨髓库的最适大小及其供者成员的组成。     

Dr. Wang Zhengguo received 1998 the Michael E. DeBakey International Military Surgeons Award

Dr. Wang Zhengguo, member of the editorial board of the Chinese Medical Journal, a noted military surgeon of the Research Institute of Surgery, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, received 1998 the Michael E. DeBakey International Military Surgeons Award on March 23, 1998 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA, in recognition of his many years of dedicated and valuable efforts in supporting the worldwide activities to improve military medicine and surgery.     

3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Thyroiditis in Buffalo Strain Rats

Inbred adult Buffalo strain male and female rats were given 0.033% 3-methylcholanthrene continuously in the diet. They were killed after 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 52 weeks. The incidence of rats with thyroiditis tended to increase with continued ingestion of the chemical. The lesion was observed earlier in the female than in male rats, and the incidence increased faster with time on the diet. The most striking finding was the severe thyroiditis (as compared with mild or moderate thyroiditis) in most animals, regardless of when they were killed. It is concluded that the lesion develops “suddenly” rather than progressing from mild to moderate, then severe thyroiditis.     

PCR-SSP基因分型技术检出HLAB新等位基因B~*5516一例

目的　识别确认中国人群的HLA新等位基因。方法　使用PCR SSP以及以测序为基础的分型技术 ,分析HLA新等位基因和B 5 5 0 2基因顺序的差异及血清学方法分析特异性。结果　在四川成都骨髓供者中检测出一例新的HLA B等位基因。该基因和B 5 5 0 2基因顺序的差异 ,只是在外显子 2区域中 97C >A一个碱基取代 ,导致相应的密码子 33由酪氨酸变为组氨酸。血清学分析表明B 5 5 16与B2 2特异性相关。并由此建立起PCR SSP方法鉴定B 5 5 16基因。结论　四川成都骨髓库中检出的HLA B等位基因是HLA新等位基因 ,2 0 0 3年 8月已被世界卫生组织 (WHO)命名为HLA B 5 5 16。在大约 14 0 0例随机骨髓供者中 ,未发现其他带有B 5 5 16基因的个体。     

Competition between TRAF2 and TRAF6 Regulates NF-κB Activation in Human B Lymphocytes

Objective To investigate the role of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 （TRAF-2） and TRAF6 in CD40-induced nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway and whether CD40 signaling requires TRAF2. Methods Human B cell lines were transfected with plasmids expressing wild type TRAF2 or dominant negative TRAF2,TRAF2-shRNA,or TRAF6-shRNA. The activation of NF-κB was detected by Western blot,kinase assay,transfactor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）,and fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET）. Analysis of the role of TRAF-2 and TRAF-6 in CD40-mediated NF-κB activity was examined following stimulation with recombinant CD154. Results TRAF2 induced activity of IκB-kinases （IKKα,IKKi/ε）,phosphorylation of IκBα,as well as nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p65/RelA. In contrast,TRAF6 strongly induced NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation of p65 as well as p50 and c-Rel. Engagement of CD154-induced nuclear translocation of p65 was inhibited by a TRAF6-shRNA,but conversely was enhanced by a TRAF2-shRNA. Examination of direct interactions between CD40 and TRAFs by FRET documented that both TRAF2 and TRAF6 directly interacted with CD40. However,the two TRAFs competed for CD40 binding. Conclusions These results indicate that TRAF2 can signal in human B cells,but it is not essential for CD40-mediated NF-κB activation. Moreover,TRAF2 can compete with TRAF6 for CD40 binding,and thereby limit the capacity of CD40 engagement to induce NF-κB activation.     

近期晒床的使用：黑色素瘤的一个危险因素

背景:黑色素瘤发生危险增加者应采取防晒措施以减少发生黑色素瘤的危险。观察:作者报道一39岁CDKN2A突变的患者,在开始使用晒床数年内发生了3处原发性黑色素瘤。结论:此例成年患者可能因强烈的UV暴露导致发生多处原发性黑色素瘤。近期晒床的使用:黑色素瘤的一个危险因素@Buckel T.B.H. @Goldstein A.M. @Fraser M.C. @M.A. Tucker$Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology andGenetics,NationalCancer Institute,6120 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, United States Dr. @王琼…