Diane Solomon, MD; Diane Davey, MD; Robert Kurman, MD; Ann Moriarty, MD; Dennis O'Connor, MD; Marianne Prey, MD; Stephen Raab, MD; Mark Sherman, MD; David Wilbur, MD; Thomas Wright, Jr, MD; Nancy Young, MD; for the Forum Group Members and the Bethesda 2001 Workshop
JAMA. 2002;287:2114-2119.
Objectives The Bethesda 2001 Workshop was convened toevaluate and update the 1991 Bethesda System terminology forreporting the results of cervical cytology. A primary objectivewas to develop a new approach to broaden participation in theconsensus process.
Participants Forum groups composed of 6 to 10 individualswere responsible for developing recommendations for discussionat the workshop. Each forum group included at least 1 cytopathologist,cytotechnologist, clinician, and international representativeto ensure a broad range of views and interests. More than 400cytopathologists, cytotechnologists, histopathologists, familypractitioners, gynecologists, public health physicians, epidemiologists,patient advocates, and attorneys participated in the workshop,which was convened by the National Cancer Institute and cosponsoredby 44 professional societies. More than 20 countries were represented.
Evidence Literature review, expert opinion, and inputfrom an Internet bulletin board were all considered in developingrecommendations. The strength of evidence of the scientificdata was considered of paramount importance.
Consensus Process Bethesda 2001 was a year-long iterativereview process. An Internet bulletin board was used for discussionof issues and drafts of recommendations. More than 1000 commentswere posted to the bulletin board over the course of 6 months.The Bethesda Workshop, held April 30-May 2, 2001, was open tothe public. Postworkshop recommendations were posted on thebulletin board for a last round of critical review prior tofinalizing the terminology.
Conclusions Bethesda 2001 was developed with broad participationin the consensus process. The 2001 Bethesda System terminologyreflects important advances in biological understanding of cervicalneoplasia and cervical screening technology.
Dr. Wang Zhengguo, member of the editorial board of the Chinese Medical Journal, a noted military surgeon of the Research Institute of Surgery, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, received 1998 the Michael E. DeBakey International Military Surgeons Award on March 23, 1998 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA, in recognition of his many years of dedicated and valuable efforts in supporting the worldwide activities to improve military medicine and surgery. 相似文献
Inbred adult Buffalo strain male and female rats were given 0.033% 3-methylcholanthrene continuously in the diet. They were killed after 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 52 weeks. The incidence of rats with thyroiditis tended to increase with continued ingestion of the chemical. The lesion was observed earlier in the female than in male rats, and the incidence increased faster with time on the diet. The most striking finding was the severe thyroiditis (as compared with mild or moderate thyroiditis) in most animals, regardless of when they were killed. It is concluded that the lesion develops “suddenly” rather than progressing from mild to moderate, then severe thyroiditis. 相似文献
Objective To investigate the role of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF-2) and TRAF6 in CD40-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and whether CD40 signaling requires TRAF2. Methods Human B cell lines were transfected with plasmids expressing wild type TRAF2 or dominant negative TRAF2,TRAF2-shRNA,or TRAF6-shRNA. The activation of NF-κB was detected by Western blot,kinase assay,transfactor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Analysis of the role of TRAF-2 and TRAF-6 in CD40-mediated NF-κB activity was examined following stimulation with recombinant CD154. Results TRAF2 induced activity of IκB-kinases (IKKα,IKKi/ε),phosphorylation of IκBα,as well as nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p65/RelA. In contrast,TRAF6 strongly induced NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation of p65 as well as p50 and c-Rel. Engagement of CD154-induced nuclear translocation of p65 was inhibited by a TRAF6-shRNA,but conversely was enhanced by a TRAF2-shRNA. Examination of direct interactions between CD40 and TRAFs by FRET documented that both TRAF2 and TRAF6 directly interacted with CD40. However,the two TRAFs competed for CD40 binding. Conclusions These results indicate that TRAF2 can signal in human B cells,but it is not essential for CD40-mediated NF-κB activation. Moreover,TRAF2 can compete with TRAF6 for CD40 binding,and thereby limit the capacity of CD40 engagement to induce NF-κB activation. 相似文献
背景:黑色素瘤发生危险增加者应采取防晒措施以减少发生黑色素瘤的危险。观察:作者报道一39岁CDKN2A突变的患者,在开始使用晒床数年内发生了3处原发性黑色素瘤。结论:此例成年患者可能因强烈的UV暴露导致发生多处原发性黑色素瘤。近期晒床的使用:黑色素瘤的一个危险因素@Buckel T.B.H.
@Goldstein A.M.
@Fraser M.C.
@M.A. Tucker$Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology andGenetics,NationalCancer Institute,6120 Executive Blvd, Bethesda, MD, United States Dr.
@王琼… 相似文献