Dry eye in chronic stroke patients with hemiplegia: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT

Objective: Dry eye is reported to be associated with several neurological diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients with hemiplegia after stroke for dry eye and compare their results with a control group.

Materials and methods: Forty-five patients with hemiplegia and 45 individuals as the control group were included in the study. Tear function tests (Schirmer and tear breakup time) and a dry eye questionnaire for dry eye symptoms (ocular surface disease index) were performed and the results of the two groups were compared.

Results: Schirmer test results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (11.3 ± 8.2 mm and 20.6 ± 11.6 mm, respectively, p < .001). Tear breakup time results were significantly lower in the post-stroke hemiplegia group compared to the control group (7.9 ± 3.1 s and 12.1 ± 4.3 s, respectively, p < .001). Ocular surface disease index scores were not significantly different between hemiplegia and control groups (21.6 ± 20.0 and 19.8 ± 13.9, respectively, p = .635). Schirmer scores lower than 10 mm (60% and 30%, p < .001) and tear breakup time results lower than 10 s (65.6% and 28.9%, p < .001) were also higher in the hemiplegia group compared to control group.

Conclusion: We found lower Schirmer test and tear breakup time results and similar OSDI scores in hemiplegia patients compared to controls. Hemiplegia patients may have dry eye without typical symptoms. This should be taken into consideration in the follow-up and rehabilitation of post-stroke hemiplegia patients.     

Intrasphenoidal migration of a premaxillary Kirschner wire.

OBJECTIVE: The use of Kirschner wire for the fixation of premaxilla is a well-known method in bilateral cleft lip surgery. We report a case in which the Kirschner wire of the premaxillary fixation had migrated intrasphenoidally. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The foreign body was accidentally discovered during a cephalometric analysis and was taken out surgically through an upper lip sulcus incision. Although the wire remained asymptomatic for 10 years, it constituted a potential danger for intracranial migration.     

双抗体夹心法检测胆管癌患者血清中胆管癌相关抗原的临床意义

胆管癌相关抗原（ＣＣＲＡ）是我们从人胆管癌组织中提取的一种新的肿瘤标志物。建立了检测ＣＣＲＡ的ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，检测了４０例正常人及２６８例良恶性疾病病人血清的ＣＣＲＡ浓度，后者包括胆管癌３６例、原发性肝癌４０例、胰腺癌２６例、胃癌３１例、结直肠癌３４例、肺癌１７例、肝硬变２０例、胆石症４０例及胃溃疡２４例。结果显示：４０例正常对照组的血清ＣＣＲＡ浓度为（１４．３８±７．３４）μｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ±ｓ），正常上限为２８．９５μｇ／ｍｌ（ｘ＋２ｓ）；血清ＣＣＲＡ诊断胆管癌的敏感性是７７．７８％，明显高于其它肿瘤组（０～２５）％（Ｐ＜０．００１），特异性是（７５～１００）％。认为对于胆管癌的诊断，ＣＣＲＡ可能是一种较特异的肿瘤相关抗原。     

Expression of superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase in myometrium, fetal membranes and placenta during normal human pregnancy and parturition

Superoxide, an agent which attenuates the half-life of nitric oxide, is metabolized and synthesized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase, respectively. Over the last few years much work has focused on the role of nitric oxide in human parturition. The aim of this study was to determine whether the onset of human parturition is associated with a change in the expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) or xanthine oxidase within the uterus. Samples of myometrium, placenta, decidua and fetal membranes were obtained from women before and after the onset of labour at term. Immunocytochemistry was used to localize Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD and xanthine oxidase and measure SOD enzyme activity. Cu/Zn and Mn SOD-like immunoreactivity was detected in syncytiotrophoblast cells, villous stromal cells and endothelial cells of blood vessels in the placenta. In the myometrium Cu/Zn and Mn SOD were localized to myocytes and endothelial cells and to some vascular smooth muscle cells. In the fetal membranes we observed staining for Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD in the amnion, chorion, extravillous trophoblast and decidua. There was no difference in SOD enzyme activity or staining intensity for SOD between different cell types before and during labour. Xanthine oxidase immunoreactivity was identified in each of the tissues examined and again there was no difference in immunostaining in tissues obtained from women delivered before or after the onset of labour. These results show that the pregnant uterus is capable of both synthesizing and degrading superoxide and suggest that superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase may play a role in the maintenance of uterine quiescence during pregnancy, but not in the initiation of parturition.      

Endothelin receptor expression in human decidua

The endothelins are signalling peptides that act via two receptors, ET(A) and ET(B). In the human endometrium, endothelin receptors have been demonstrated in glands and stroma and have been shown to vary during the course of the menstrual cycle. The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not expression of endothelin receptors changes during pregnancy or after administration of exogenous progestagens. The expression of the receptors was correlated with the appearance of basement membrane components during decidualization of the endometrial stroma. Decidual specimens (n = 15) were obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy and 10 at term. Sixteen pairs of endometrial biopsies were obtained from women with menorrhagia before and after exposure to exogenous progestagens. A total of 15 hysterectomy specimens were used as controls for the expression of stromal basement membrane proteins in the absence of decidualization. Autoradiography was carried out with selective ligands for ET(A) ([125I]-PD 151242) and ET(B) ([125I]-BQ3020). The distribution of ligand binding was then compared with the distribution of laminin alpha2 light chain and collagen IV. ET(A), ET(B), laminin alpha2 light chain, and collagen IV were expressed in stromal decidual cells in the first trimester of pregnancy. ET(B) was also found on endometrial glandular epithelium. Quantitative macro-autoradiography and multiple regression analysis demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) between expression of ET(B) and laminin alpha2 light chain. In the third trimester qualitative examination suggested a reduction of ET(A) in the stroma. Progestagen-induced decidua exhibited a similar pattern to that found in first trimester decidua. This study has demonstrated up-regulation of ET(B) during the progesterone- dependent process of decidualization and suggests a paracrine or autocrine role for endothelins in the decidua.      

Antimicrobial Activity of Various Extracts of Ocimum Basilicum L. and Observation of the Inhibition Effect on Bacterial Cells by Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged.     

静脉滴注尼莫地平治疗急性缺血性脑梗死

发病72h内的急性缺血性脑梗死60例,分为2组。尼莫地平组30例(男性21例,女性9例;年龄59±s10a)。wk1.2给支持疗法(脱水剂,维生素C等)和尼莫地平2mg/d于5％葡萄糖液500ml内静脉滴注。wk3.4改用扩容、改善微循环,细胞活性药。wkl-4口服尼莫地平60mg.qn。对照组30例(男性23例,女性7例;年龄58±9a)。不给尼莫地平,其余同上。4wk后,前组神经功能缺损积分值较后组下降显著(P相似文献   

流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗大面积接种后安全性和流行病学效果的5年观察

目的 考核乙脑减毒活疫苗大面积接种后的安全性和降低乙脑发病率,在乙脑高发区安徽省蒙城和涡阳县进行为期５年（１９９２￣１９９６年）的人群观察。方法 观察对象１￣６岁儿童。１岁初免１针,２岁加强１针。结果 通过５年连续观察共接种乙脑活疫苗３３５９４１人。 表明：①疫苗对小龄儿童接种后近期和５年内均未出现不良反应,表明疫苗是安全的。②当地乙脑平均总发病率有显著性下降,从接种观察前１９８７￣１９９１年的１     

整肠生治疗胃癌根治术后腹泻的临床观察

目的：从微生态角度现察胃癌根治术后腹泻临床治疗。方法：治疗组：27例胃癌根治术后腹泻患者用整肠生胶囊，2粒／次、3次／日口服。对照组：27例胃癌根治术后腹泻患者用吡哌酸0．58／次，3次／日口服。治疗前后观察粪便球杆菌比变化。结果：治疗组总有效率93％，以及恢复正常菌群高于对照组，有显著差异。结论：整肠生有效治疗胃癌根治术后腹泻。