Late right ventricular reconstruction following valvotomy in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum

Experience over two decades in the surgical management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum demonstrates that eventual right ventricular (RV) reconstruction is possible in the majority of patients surviving valvotomy in infancy. Ten of 17 operative survivors of early valvotomy have eventually received a patch graft to the RV outflow tract, with no reoperative deaths (mean follow-up, 7.4 years). RV systolic pressures, suprasystemic prior to reoperation, are near normal after outflow patch reconstruction. Serial cineangiograms show evidence of RV growth by measurement of tricuspid annulus diameter (TAD), and demonstrate a rate of growth [d(TAD)/d(body length)] greater than a normal rate derived from autopsy data. The mean TAD growth rate is significantly greater than that of patients with less favorable ventricle types treated with a systemic-pulmonary shunt alone. Measurement of TAD is a useful method for following RV growth, and may aid in selecting patients for RV reconstruction.     

The effect of calcium dobesilate on venous function following saphenectomy in coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic use of calcium dobesilate (CD) can improve venous function after saphenous vein harvest in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients who underwent elective CABG were divided into four equal groups. In Group A, the greater saphenous vein (GSV) was harvested below the knee and, in Group B, through the knee till the groin. These patients remained untreated. Group C received CD in a dosage of 1500 mg po daily after the GSV was harvested below the knee. Group D received same dosage of CD after the GSV was harvested through the knee till the groin. Venous function of ipsilateral leg was evaluated clinically and by Doppler ultrasonography in the postoperative first week and second month. RESULTS: Clinical findings of venous insufficiency were observed with a similar rate between groups at both early and late periods. In Groups A and B, after 2 months, flow velocities decreased and reflux periods increased significantly. In groups C and D, treatment with CD for 2 months after saphenectomy resulted in a significant increase in flow velocities and a significant decrease in reflux periods. Patients in Groups B and D have significantly more impaired venous functions. CONCLUSION: Saphenectomy results in ipsilateral leg venous dysfunction, which seems to be unrelated to leg swelling and to be more prominent in patients with high-level saphenectomy. In addition, to be careful about the restriction of the saphenectomy procedure into the most appropriate level, prophylactic use of CD can prevent this deterioration when it was added to varice socks.     

Recurrent retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma

Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma is a rare congenital malformation. The majority of lymphangiomas are present at birth and nearly all present before the age of two years. We report a case of giant cystic retroperitoneal lymphangioma in a patient who first presented with symptoms at the age of 7, underwent surgery, and who then suffered a recurrent mass 11 years later.     

Pelvic inflammatory disease and intrauterine devices: Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce febrile complications

In the present study, we tried to determine whether IUD insertion related PID and febrile complications could, be prevented by prophylactic use of antibiotics. We studied 300 patients who were admitted to our family planning clinic for IUD contraception. Of these, 150 patients received prophylactic Doxycycline (group 1) and the second 150 received no therapy (group 2). Five cases experienced fever with or without leucocytosis and none required hospitalization. PID was observed in one woman in each group.Positive culture (gonorrhea) was obtained in one woman who was then treated by relevant, antibiotics; the other woman required hospitalization for two days. The overall infection rates for group 1 and 2 were 2.1% and 2.9%, respectively and this difference was not significant. The incidence of PID infection and febrile complications was found to be very low for both groups when compared to other studies, suggesting that aseptic conditions with proper insertion reduce the risk of infection.

---

Resumen En el presente estudio, intentamos determinar si la inflamación pélvica y las complicationes febriles relacionadas con la inserción, de DIU podían evitarse mediante la administración profiláctica de antibióticos. Estudiamos a 300 pacientes de nuestra clínica de planificación familiar que recibieron DIU. Se administró un tratamiento profiláctico de doxicilina a 150 pacientes (Grupo 1) mientras que las restantes no recibieron ningún tratamiento (Grupo 2). Hubo cinco casos de fiebre con o sin leucocitosis pero ninguno requirió hospitalización. La inflamación pélvica se observó en dos casos, uno de cada grupo. Se obtuvo un cultivo positivo (gonorrea) en uno de los casos, que fue tratado con antibióticos apropiados, y el segundo caso debió ser hospitalizado durante dos días. Las tasas generales de infección fueron para el Grupo 1 y el Grupo 2, respectivamente, del 2,1% y del 2,9%, diferencia que no es significativa. Una comparación con otros estudios permitió verificar que la incidencia de infección pélvica inflamatoria y complicaciones febriles era muy baja en los dos grupos, lo cual hace pensar que las condiciones de asepsia y la inserción correcta reducen el riesgo de infección.

---

Resumé Dans la présente étude, nous avons tenté de déterminer si l'inflammation pelvienne et les complications fébriles liées à l'insertion de DIU pouvaient être évitées par une administration prophylactique d'antibiotiques. Nous avons suivi 300 patientes de notre clinique de planning familial, admises pour l'insertion, de DIU. Un traitement prophylactique de doxycycline a été administré à 150 de ces patientes (Groupe 1) et les autres n'ont reçu aucune, thérapie (Groupe 2). Nous avons eu cinq cas de fièvre avec ou sans leucocytose mais aucune de ces femmes n'a d être hospitalisée. L'inflammation pelvienne s'est manifestée dans deux cas, un dans chaque groupe. Une culture positive (gonorrhée) a été obtenue chez une de ces patientes, à laquelle un traitement aux antibiotiques appropriés a été administré, et la seconde a d être hospitalisée pendant deux jours. Les taux globaux d'infection ont été, respectivement pour le groupe 1 et le groupe 2, de 2,1% et 2,9%, ce qui ne représente pas une différence significative. Une comparaison avec d'autres études a permis, de constater que l'incidence d'infection pelvienne inflammatoire et de complications fébriles était très faible dans les deux groupes, ce qui laisse penser que les conditions d'asepsie et une insertion correcte réduisent le risque d'infection.

     

丹参酮对离体肺的保护作用研究

目的观察丹参酮对离体肺的保护作用。方法24只新西兰免随机平均分为两组，对照组用LPD液行肺动脉灌注和保存，实验组用丹参酮加LPD液以同样方法灌注和保存。18h后观察形态学改变。结果光镜下两组肺泡、支气管及毛细血管结构完整，高倍视野下对照组较实验组肺泡上皮及毛细血管上皮细胞肿胀、肥大，少部分组织可见肺泡内有红细胞渗出、间隔增宽等。结论在LPD液中加入丹参酮，能够对离体肺起到更好的保护作用。     

The contracting and relaxing responses of human internal mammary artery grafts harvested by two different methods

Perioperative spasm of internal mammary artery is a common experience in coronary artery bypass grafting. Many techniques were described of harvesting the internal mammary artery to prevent vasospasm. We investigated the comparison of the contracting and relaxing responses of human internal mammary artery grafts harvested by two different methods. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the harvesting technique. In the first and second groups arteries were harvested by classical and carbon dioxide insufflation techniques, respectively. In both groups, endothelial function of arteries was assessed by precontracting the rings with phenylephrine (10(-5)M) and dilatating them by cumulative acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-5)M) concentrations. Cumulative concentration-response curves for phenylephrine (10(-8) to 10(-4)M), noradrenaline (10(-9) to 10(-4)M), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (10(-9) to 10(-4)M) were obtained in all groups. Endothelial integrity of arteries were histopathologically evaluated. In both groups, acetylcholine caused concentration-dependent relaxations in rings precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-5)M). In arteries harvested by carbon dioxide insufflation technique, acetylcholine caused significantly higher relaxations compared to the rings obtained by classical technique (p<0.05). In all rings of study groups, phenylephrine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine caused concentration-dependent contractions. There was not any significant difference in concentration-dependent responses of these contracting pharmacological agents between the groups. Histopathological evaluation revealed no major arterial damage in both groups. Carbon dioxide insufflation technique does seem not only to protect the integrity of the endothelium and the whole vessel, but also prevent the possible vasospasm of the internal mammary artery segments.     

Abnormal exercise hemodynamics in cardiac allograft recipients 1 year after cardiac transplantation. Relation to preload reserve

The well-established elevation in left ventricular filling pressures during exercise in patients after transplantation may contribute to decreased exercise tolerance. A proposed mechanism for this increase in filling pressures is an abnormal pressure-volume homeostasis of the transplanted heart. Twenty-three patients undergoing routine 1-year evaluations performed supine bicycle exercise during right heart catheterization. Within 24 hours, these patients underwent supine bicycle exercise to the identical work load during radionuclide ventriculography. For the group, resting hemodynamics and resting left and right ventricular ejection fractions were normal. With exercise, right atrial and pulmonary wedge pressure rose markedly (from 6 +/- 2 to 14 +/- 7 mm Hg, p less than 0.0001, and from 10 +/- 3 to 20 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.0001, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction increased appropriately with exercise (from 0.58 +/- 0.08 to 0.63 +/- 0.07, p = 0.004). End-diastolic volume also increased mildly (from 100 +/- 31 to 117 +/- 39 ml, p = 0.001), but change in end-diastolic volume was highly variable. Patients with little or no change in end-diastolic volume with exercise had the greatest resting and exercise left ventricular filling pressures resulting in significant negative correlations between filling pressures and change in end-diastolic volume (r = -0.64, p = 0.002 and r = -0.50, p = 0.025, respectively). Negative linear relations between exercise left ventricular filling pressures or resting heart rates and donor to recipient body weight ratio (r = -0.35, p = 0.10, and r = -0.37, p = 0.06, respectively) suggested that initial donor heart size influenced subsequent cardiac function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Intraorbital epidermoid cyst: a 5-year-old with exophthalmos and strabismus

A 5-year-old girl with right exophthalmos and esotropia presented to ophthalmology outpatient clinics. Orbital computed tomography revealed a 20- to 30-mm oval soft tissue mass lying superolateral to the right lateral rectus muscle in the orbit. The patient was operated on by a neurosurgical team, the csyt was removed totally, and examination of the pathologic specimen, which reveals the epidermoid cyst, was performed. After the operation, exophthalmos and esotropia were improved, and visual acuity was increased. Although itis seen as a rare entity in the orbit, epidermoid cyst must be considered during the investigation of exophthalmos.     

Scleral perforation complicating titanium mesh plaque in orbital blowout fracture

A 27-year-old man who underwent a previous reconstruction surgery for left orbital blowout fracture and recent revision surgery for left cicatricial ectropion was admitted to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic with a 20-mm irregular conjunctival and scleral incision in the left eye at the 6-o'clock position. The scleral and conjunctival incisions were repaired, and during the operation, the anterior end of the titanium mesh plate was visible at the inferior orbital rim. The plastic surgery team removed the irritating end of the plate. Obvious adherence of periocular tissues onto the titanium implant and fibrovascular ingrowth through the implant were seen during this operation. The possible mechanism for the misdirection of the anterior end of the implant might be explained by iatrogenic rotation during the revision of the cicatricial ectropion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case demonstrating scleral incision caused by an orbital titanium implant.     

Does pedicle screw fixation under age 5 cause spinal canal narrowing? A CT study with minimum 5 years follow-up

Purpose

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the changes in the vertebral body and spinal canal area in a group of patients who had pedicle screw fixation under age 5 for the treatment of congenital spinal deformity at least 5 year follow-up.

Methods

11 patients who had been operated due to spinal deformity under age 5 with who had a CT examination at least 5 years after the initial operation were included in the study. All patients underwent hemivertebrectomy and transpedicular fixation procedures at an average age of 3.18 years (range 2–5 years). All had preoperative CT to evaluate the congenital deformities. Measurements were done at the instrumented vertebrae as well as the un-instrumented ones above and below them to evaluate; vertebral body parameters, pedicle parameters and spinal canal area of upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), lower instrumented vertebra (LIV), upper adjacent un-instrumented vertebra and lower adjacent un-instrumented vertebra.

Results

The average follow-up was 7.2 (range 5–12) years. Six of the patients were over age 10 during the final CT examination while 5 were at age 7. Female-to male ratio was 8–3. Measurement of all the parameters in 22 instrumented and 22 non-instrumented segments showed a proportional increase rather than a decrease at each segment. The percentage of canal area growth at UIV and LIV was 21 and 17.5 %, respectively.

Conclusion

Pedicle screw instrumentation has no adverse effect on further spinal body, pedicle and canal growth and does not result in iatrogenic spinal canal stenosis.