Wirkung und Wirkfaktoren von psychodramatischem Coaching — Eine experimentelle Evaluationsstudie

Zusammenfassung Diese Studie untersucht, wie Erfolg im Einzelcoaching entsteht und was Psychodrama dazu beitragen kann. Dabei werden zun?chst die vier Berner Wirkfaktoren dargestellt, die im Rahmen einer allgemeinen psychologischen Coachingkonzeption die vier m?glichen Erfolgsstrategien darstellen. über Videoauswertung und schriftliche Befragung aller Beteiligten wurden 35 Einzelsitzungen evaluiert. Dabei zeigten sich die vier Wirkfaktoren tats?chlich als elementar in kurz- und mittelfristig erfolgreichen Coachingprozessen. In dem experimentellen Vergleich wurde das psychodramatische Coaching zudem wesentlich besser bewertet als das Vergleichscoaching, was durch den Ressourcen- und Wachstumsfokus sowie die sehr gute Beziehungskompetenz der Psychodramatiker erkl?rt werden kann. Des Weiteren zeigen die Auswertungen, dass ein dosierter und gezielter Einsatz des psychodramatischen Methodenrepertoires fruchtbarer zu sein scheint als der zeitlich umfassende Einsatz des Psychodramas als Hauptinterventionsmethode.

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Summary The present study investigates the process of success development in one-to-one-coaching and examines how the method of psychodrama can contribute to this process. First the four change factors are presented. They represent the four success strategies in a general psychological coaching approach that can be chosen by the coach. Second 35 one-to-one-coaching sessions are evaluated by a video-based rating-system and questionnaires that were filled in by all coaches, clients and employees of the clients. In these analyses the four change factors were shown to be critical for short- and medium-term success. In an experimentally designed assessment the psychodramatic coachings had a considerably better result than the comparative coaching. This outcome could be explained by the focus on resources and growth and the high competence of the psychodramatic coaches to set up an appreciative coaching relationship. The analyses demonstrate furthermore that the well-aimed and specific use of psychodrama methods is more fruitful than its time-extensive use as the main intervention method.

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Peter Behrendt geb. 1977, Dipl. Psych., ausgebildeter Psychodrama-Therapeut und Mediator, seit 2004 freiberuflich Coaching, Moderation sowie Konzeption und Durchführung von Fortbildung und Trainings. Er konzipierte und leitete die Evaluationsstudie, die diesem Artikel zugrunde liegt.     

Normative values of bone parameters of children and adolescents using digital computer-assisted radiogrammetry (DXR).

PURPOSE: To verify whether estimation of bone mineral density (BMD) using digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) is possible on children and to determine normative values of both such a DXR-BMD estimate and a corresponding metacarpal index (DXR-MCI) on. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In retrospect, X-rays were selected of the hands of 200 healthy Caucasian children (120 boys and 80 girls, aged 4-18 yr). The involved children were selected among a larger group of children submitted to the surgical department of our institute for evaluation of a suspected fracture after an occurred trauma. All children with a verified fracture or a chronic bone-related disease, including bone age retardation or acceleration, were excluded from the study. Furthermore, only conventional X-rays with the same film and capture parameters were included. The images were scanned and analyzed using the Pronosco X-posure system V.2 (Sectra Pronosco, Denmark). DXR-BMD, DXR-MCI, and a porosity index (DXR-PI) were automatically calculated using the midshafts of the metacarpals II-IV. Mean values of DXR-BMD and DXR-MCI were calculated separately for girls and boys in 2-yr intervals. RESULTS: In the present study the system has been demonstrated to be capable of calculating DXR-BMD from conventional X-rays of the hand from children down to approx 6 yr of age. This ability depended somewhat on the diameter and the length of the involved metacarpals. The success rate was higher for large bones than for small bones. The system succeeded in analyzing the images of 110 boys and 68 girls. Values of DXR-BMD were observed to increase with age from 0.40 g/cm2 to 0.62 g/cm2 in the male group and from 0.39 g/cm2 to 0.54 g/cm2 in the female group. Girls aged 11-12 yr had a higher DXR-BMD than did boys, corresponding to the earlier entry to puberty of girls. Standard deviations (SDs) reached values of up to 0.05 g/cm2. DXR-MCI increased with age from 0.36 to 0.47 for boys and from 0.34 to 0.49 for girls with a maximum SD of 0.06. The correlation between DXR-BMD and age was r=0.83 and r=0.84 for boys and girls, respectively. The corresponding correlations for DXR-MCI was lower, with observed correlations of r=0.63 (boys) and r=0.68 (girls), respectively, with p<0.01 in all cases. The DXR-PI did not reveal a significant correlation to age (r=-0.31 and r=0.04. respectively) and showed SDs marginally higher than the calculated mean values. CONCLUSION: The newly available DXR-methodology seems to offer the ability to determine DXR-BMD and DXR-MCI in children starting with a bone age of 6. This possibility may be of special relevance for children suffering from chronic bone diseases that require repeated X-rays of the hand (e.g. to determine bone age). The acquired normative data suggest that the measurements are of clinical value owing to low age-dependent variability (SDs) relative to an observed high increase with age. The clinical value of the porosity index (DXR-PI) remains uncertain and is limited owing to a high inter-individual variability.     

筛检对肝癌死亡率影响的研究

5581名HBsAg阳性的男性随机分入周期性筛检组(A组,3712人)及对照组(B组,1869人)。A组(19155.4人年)共发生肝癌257例,B组(9785.5人年)为117例,两组的肝癌发生率分别为1342/10万与1196/10万;两组肝癌死亡分别为218与109例,肝癌死亡率分别为1138/10万与1114/10万。两组中Ⅰ期肝癌病例分别为29.6％与6.0％,差异有非常显著性意义。1、3、5年相对生存率A组为23.7％、7.0％、4.0％,B组为9.7％、4.0％、4.1％。用Poisson回归模型拟合显示,在调正年龄、初筛AFP及入列年份后,筛检对于肝癌的相对危险度为0.83,95％CI为0.68～1.03,有较弱的“保护”作用,Cox回归模型拟合结果显示当临床分期未引入模型时,筛检对于肝癌有显著的“保护”作用:危险率为0.6617,95％CI为0.5234～0.8365;而模型经调整后,危险率即接近“1”,95％CI为0.74～1.26。