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CG Teo 《Oral diseases》2002,8(S2):88-90
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are commonly encountered in the HIV-infected patient. A unique feature of OHL is non-cytolytic high level of replication of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the glossal epithelium. The expression of viral-encoded anti-apoptotic proteins concomitant to replicative proteins probably underlies this phenomenon. The question of whether OHL arises from activation of EBV latent in the tongue, or from superinfection by endogenous EBV shed via non-glossal sites or by exogenous EBV remains unresolved. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is now seen as necessary but not sufficient cause of KS. Expression of HHV8-encoded oncogenic proteins in endothelial cells probably explains the aberrant proliferation of these cells in KS lesions. Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis. 相似文献
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R. MILASZKIEWICZ N. PAYNE B. LOUGHNAN A. BLACKETT N. BARBER F. CARLI 《Anaesthesia》1992,47(12):1042-1046
We studied 86 primiparous women with uncomplicated pregnancy and labour requesting extradural analgesia in labour. All the women were over 36 weeks of gestation with a cephalic-presenting singleton fetus. The women were allocated randomly to two groups: group A, who received an extradural infusion of lignocaine 0.75%, after an initial dose of 10 ml of lignocaine 1.5%, and group B, who received an infusion of bupivacaine 0.125% after an initial dose of 10 ml of bupivacaine 0.25%. All the women had their labour actively managed. Assessment of analgesia during labour and delivery, and the requirements for additional top-ups were noted, as were mode of delivery, requirement for oxytocic augmentation and incidence of fetal distress. Maternal and umbilical cord plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured at delivery in 12 women receiving extradural lignocaine. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the mode of delivery, incidence of fetal distress, fetal heart rate abnormalities, or Apgar scores of the babies. Women in the bupivacaine group had a significantly better quality of analgesia during both the first and second stages of labour (p = 0.0005) and required fewer top-ups than those in the lignocaine group. However, the requirement for oxytocin augmentation during the first and second stages of labour was significantly less in the lignocaine group (p = 0.004). Similarly, the duration of the second stage was shorter compared with the bupivacaine group. In spite of high plasma concentrations of lignocaine, no side effects were noted in either mothers or babies. 相似文献
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Arif JM; Gairola CG; Glauert HP; Kelloff GJ; Lubet RA; Gupta RC 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(8):1515-1517
The present study investigated the effects of dietary oltipraz on cigarette
smoke-related lipophilic DNA adduct formation. Female Sprague- Dawley rats
were exposed daily to sidestream cigarette smoke in a whole- body exposure
chamber 6 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. One group of rats was maintained
on control diet while another group received the same diet supplemented
with either a low (167 p.p.m.) or high (500 p.p.m.) dose of oltipraz,
starting 1 week prior to initiation of smoke exposure until the end of the
experiment. Analysis of lipophilic DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-mediated
32P-post-labeling showed up to five smoke-related adducts. Adduct no. 5
predominated in both the lung and the heart while adduct nos 3 and 2
predominated in the trachea and bladder, respectively. Quantitative
analysis revealed that the total adduct level was the highest in lungs
(270+/-68 adducts/10(10) nucleotides), followed by trachea (196+/-48
adducts/10(10) nucleotides), heart (141+/-22 adducts/10(10) nucleotides)
and bladder (85+/-16 adducts/10(10) nucleotides). High dose oltipraz
treatment reduced the adduct levels in lungs and bladder by >60%, while
the reduction in lungs in the low-dose group was approximately 35%. In
trachea, the effect of low and high dietary oltipraz on smoke DNA adduction
was equivocal, while smoke-related DNA adducts in the heart were minimally
inhibited by high-dose oltipraz. In a repeat experiment that employed a
3-fold lower dose of cigarette smoke, oltipraz (500 p.p.m.) was found to
inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in rat lungs and trachea by 80 and
65%, respectively. These data clearly demonstrate a high efficacy of
oltipraz in inhibiting the formation of cigarette smoke-induced DNA adducts
in the target tissues.
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