Complications of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy peripheral zone only versus combined peripheral and transition zone biopsy

The main objectives of this study were to reassess complications associated with transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies (TRUSBx) of the peripheral zone (PZ) and to compare morbidity of exclusive PZ biopsy to morbidity associated with two additional transition zone (TZ) biopsies. We distributed a self-administered questionnaire assessing TRUSBx complications to 883 consecutive patients who underwent two systematic TZ TRUSBx in addition to systematic sextant PZ TRUSBx, and to 383 consecutive patients who underwent exclusive PZ TRUSBx. Of 316 (35.8%) patients subjects to TZ and PZ TRUSBx, 71% experienced hematuria, 63% hematospermia, 39% rectal bleeding, and 2.2% temperature elevation greater than 38°C. Of 137 (35.8%) patients who exclusively underwent PZ TRUSBx, 57%, 62%, 36%, and 1.4% reported these complications, respectively. Symptom duration and severity were similar in both groups. Although we report a substantially higher incidence of biopsy complications than previously published, these complications are self limited and require no intervention. Furthermore there appears to be no significant difference between complication rates associated with exclusive PZ biopsy compared with those associated with two additional biopsies of the TZ.     

Poor Outcome of Bilateral Lower Extremity Morel-Lavallee Lesions: A Case Report

The Morel-Lavallee lesion is a closed, internal degloving injury that results when a strong, shearing force is applied parallel to the plane of injury, as is common in vehicular trauma. It is an underdiagnosed entity that is often missed during the initial trauma workup as symptoms can be subtle. There are few reports of lesions occurring below the knee. Most cases affect the proximal thigh and trochanter, as these tend to be dependent areas in high velocity trauma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature report of bilateral lower extremity Morel-Lavallee lesions.     

Characterization of a possible amyloidogenic precursor in glutamine-repeat neurodegenerative diseases

Several neurodegenerative diseases are linked to expanded repeats of glutamine residues, which lead to the formation of amyloid fibrils and neuronal death. The length of the repeats correlates with the onset of Huntington's disease, such that healthy individuals have <38 residues and individuals with >38 repeats exhibit symptoms. Because it is difficult to obtain atomic-resolution structural information for poly(l-glutamine) (polyQ) in aqueous solution experimentally, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the conformational behavior of this homopolymer. In simulations of 20-, 40-, and 80-mer polyQ, we observed the formation of the "alpha-extended chain" conformation, which is characterized by alternating residues in the alpha(L) and alpha(R) conformations to yield a sheet. The structural transition from disordered random-coil conformations to the alpha-extended chain conformation exhibits modest length and temperature dependence, in agreement with the experimental observation that aggregation depends on length and temperature. We propose that fibril formation in polyQ may occur through an alpha-sheet structure, which was proposed by Pauling and Corey. Also, we propose an atomic-resolution model of how the inhibitory peptide QBP1 (polyQ-binding peptide 1) may bind to polyQ in an alpha-extended chain conformation to inhibit fibril formation.     

Unexpected Resistance to X-Irradiation in a Strain of Hybrid Mammalian Cells

The radiosensitivities of a strain of mouse fibroblasts (Cl-1D), of rat pituitary cells (GH(1)2C(1)), and of a hybrid between the two (alpha-RST) have been studied. Their mean chromosome numbers were 50, 70, and 111, respectively. The hybrid cells were much more resistent to radiation than either of the parent strains. The range of the D(0) (reciprocal of the slope, and therefore a measure of radiosensitivity) for the linear portion of the survival curves for each cell line was: Cl-1D, 134-142 R; GH(1)2C(1), 154-170 R; and alpha-RST, 248-274 R. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of the shoulder or extrapolation number of the survival curves, nor in the ability of the three cell strains to accumulate and repair sublethal radiation damage. It appears unlikely that the unusual resistance of the hybrid strain is simply related to the increase in chromosome number; more likely, it involves some interaction between the two genomes. The study of somatic cell hybrids may offer further insight into the factors controlling the radiosensitivity of mammalian cells.