CTLA4-Ig在异体移植方面的相关研究进展

CTLA4-Ig是一种融合免疫球蛋白,可以选择性地阻断CD28与B7的信号传导通路,导致T细胞免疫失能,诱导对特异性抗原的免疫耐受. 本文介绍了其生物学特性、免疫诱导耐受机制及在异体移植方面的研究进展和局限性,其在异体移植方面展示了良好的应用前景.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定牛黄类中成药中胆汁酸的含量

反相高效液相色谱法测定牛黄类中成药中胆汁酸的含量倪坤仪，王建，陈健，郁建，屠树滋（中国药科大学２１０００９）含牛黄的中成药种类很多，在医疗中具有广泛的用途。中药牛黄中主要成分为胆汁酸和胆红素。本文主要研究用ＨＰＬＣ法测定牛黄以及含牛黄中成药中胆汁酸的...     

新生儿和儿童乙肝免疫

自1991年WHO提出将乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)疫苗纳入新生儿计划免疫以来,绝大多数国家新生儿HBV疫苗接种覆盖率平均在90%以上,婴儿HBV疫苗接种覆盖率为85％-99％．我国HBsAg携带率从10．19％下降到0．2％-3．2％．不同地区新生儿和儿童全程接种率、首针及时接种率、免疫覆盖率差异较大．对不同新生儿和儿童HB免疫尚需注意的问题如HBV疫苗接种程序和接种剂量,早产、低体质量儿的免疫接种,HBsAg阳性母亲子女的免疫接种和母乳喂养,抗-HBs保护时间和加强免疫问题．     

Anatomic basis of venous drainage in donor flaps

Summary The venous architecture in donor flaps was observed in 17 fresh cadavers by injection of latex or ink into the vessels or by making corrosion-cast specimens. The pattern of the veins resembles that of the arteries, with the difference that there is another set of venous trunks which do not accompany the arteries. Because these trunks are of larger caliber, they are the main drainage route for flaps. There are three types of drainage based on the anatomical architecture: 1) the superficial trunk is the main drainage path; 2) the deep trunk is the main path; 3) both superficial and deep veins are involved. These morphological considerations are the basis for selection of veins for anastomosis in microsurgery. The axial veins in temporal, frontal and facial flaps on the dorsum of the hand and the foot usually loosely accompany the axial arteries. The characteristics of these vascular pedicules should be studied in transplant operation.

---

Bases anatomiques du drainage veineux des lambeaux cutanés libres

Résumé Le drainage veineux des lambeaux cutanés libres a été étudié sur 17 cadavres frais par injection de latex ou d'encre dans les vaisseaux, ou en réalisant des moulages par injection-corrosion. La distribution des veines ressemble à celle des artères à la différence près qu'il existe des troncs veineux qui n'accompagnent pas les artères. Ces troncs ont un calibre plus important et représentent une voie de drainage principale pour les lambeaux. On peut individualiser trois types de drainages basés sur l'architecture veineuse : 1. Le tronc superficiel est la principale voie de drainage ; 2. le tronc profond est la principale voie; 3. les veines superficielles et profondes sont impliquées simultanément. Ces considérations morphologiques sont les bases de la sélection des axes veineux pour les anastomoses en micro-chirurgie. Les veines axiales au niveau temporal, frontal et facial et pour les lambeaux de la face dorsale de la main et du pied sont habituellement relativement éloignées du trajet artériel. Les caractéristiques de ces pédicules veineux doivent être précisées pour la réalisation des lambeaux.

     

Detection of lung cancer using multiple genetic markers—a systematic review

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and has one of the lowest survival rates of any solid tumor. In recent years, several attempts have been conducted to improve an early or accelerated diagnosis due to better overall prognosis after therapy. The aim of this study was evaluating the use of genetic markers for diagnosis of lung cancer. This study was conducted in accordance to Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Three Internet sources were used to search: MEDLINE‐PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS. The databases were searched for studies conducted in the period up to and including May 10, 2011. The following inclusion criteria were applied: lung cancer studies, and the use of genetic markers for diagnosis. Studies using animal models, review articles, meta‐analyses, abstracts, conference proceedings, editorials/letters, case reports, incorrect study population, inadequate data, and cytology was not obtained, were excluded. A total of 1,901 abstracts/citations were identified for preliminary review. From 24 final selected studies, 17 referred to chromosomal markers diagnosis, eight to genes as marker, and one to both subjects. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied in all studies. Despite the limitations of this study, application of genetic markers to lung cancer diagnosis seems to have prognosis value irrespective of detection methodology used. FISH was the main technique applied to diagnose genetics alterations and revealed a high specificity, although some authors reported low sensitivity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:834–842. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A case report of an intracaval extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumour

Solitary fibrous tumours are infrequent neoplasms based in the pleura that are predominantly benign with malignant pathology and behaviour described in 10–36% of cases. Extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumours (ESFTs) have been considered separately to their intrathoracic counterparts and comprise a third of all solitary fibrous tumours. The extrathoracic location was identified as an adverse prognostic factor for local recurrence but not for metastatic disease. So far, there have not been any reports of solitary fibrous tumours demonstrating caval infiltration. We present a case of a benign ESFT infiltrating into the perirenal inferior vena cava. Together with extrauterine leiomyomas, ESFTs should also be considered as a differential diagnosis for the rare benign lesions invading the inferior vena cava.     

Accuracy of preoperative endo-rectal coil magnetic resonance imaging in detecting clinical under-staging of localized prostate cancer

Objectives

To assess the accuracy of intra-rectal coil magnetic resonance imaging (ER-MRI) for staging early prostate cancer (EPC).

Materials and methods

ER-MRI was performed with the Magnetom Symphony 1.5 Tesla system. ER-MRI and pathology findings were statistically correlated.

Results

One hundred and fifty-four consecutive patients underwent radical prostatectomy (RRP) for EPC (cT1c-2 Nx M0). An average age was 66, mean PSA 11.04 µg/L (median 7.33 µg/L) and mean pathologic Gleason score 6. Pathology detected 97 out of 154 patients (63 %) as EPC and 57 cases (37 %) as extra-prostate extension (EPED) (pT3) with extra-capsular extension (ECE) (pT3a) in 41 (27 %) and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) (pT3b) in 16 (10 %). ER-MRI staged 100 patients (65 %) as cT2 and 54 (35 %) as EPED with ECE in 37 cases (24 %) and SVI in 17 (11 %). ER-MRI sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, overall accuracy resulted respectively 0.78, 0.96, 0.86, 0.92, 0.91 for ECE as well as 0.88, 0.98, 0.82, 0.99 and 0.97 for SVI.

Conclusion

ER-MRI was effective in detecting preoperative EPC under-staging. In the next future, multi-parametric 3-Tesla ER-MRI will be the procedure for diagnosing, staging and following-up prostate cancer patients.     

Surface corrosion and fracture resistance of two nickel-titanium-based archwires induced by fluoride, pH, and thermocycling. An in vitro comparative study

The present comparative study aimed to evaluate the surface corrosion and fracture resistance of two commercially available nickel-titanium (NiTi)-based archwires, as induced by a combination of fluoride, pH, and thermocycling. One hundred and ten rectangular section NiTi-based archwires were used, 55 of each of the following: thermally activated Thermaloy? and super-elastic NeoSentalloy? 100 g. Each of these was divided into five equal subgroups. One of these five subgroups did not undergo any treatment and served as the control, while the other four were subjected to 30 days of incubation at 37°C under fluoridated artificial saliva (FS) at 1500 ppm fluoride treatment alone (two subgroups) or combined with a session of thermocycling (FS + Th) treatment at the end of incubation (two subgroups). Within each of the Thermaloy? and NeoSentalloy? groups, the FS and FS + Th treatments were performed under two different pH conditions: 5.5 and 3.5 (each with one subgroup per treatment). Analysis of the surface topography and tensile properties by means of scanning electron microscopy (a single sample per subgroup), atomic force microscopy, and a universal testing machine for ultimate tensile strength were carried out once in each of the control subgroups or immediately after the treatments in the other subgroups for 10 of the archwires. Non-parametric tests were used in the data analysis. Significant effects in terms of surface corrosion, but not fracture resistance, were seen mainly for the Thermaloy? group at the lowest pH, with no effects of Th irrespective of the group or pH condition. Different NiTi-based archwires can have different corrosion resistance, even though the effects of surface corrosion and fracture resistance appear not to be significant in clinical situations, especially considering that thermocycling had no effect on these parameters.     

Endogenous testosterone density is an independent predictor of pelvic lymph node invasion in high-risk prostate cancer: results in 201 consecutive patients treated with radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection

International Urology and Nephrology - To evaluate the influence of endogenous testosterone density (ETD) on pelvic lymph node invasion (PLNI) in high risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa) treated with...