用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮

用混合粘合剂碳糊电极测定丁螺环酮张正奇，曾鸽鸣，刘传桂，黎艳飞（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００８２）碳糊电极无毒，制作方便，表面更新容易，应用电位范围广，在药物分析中已有应用［１～５］。我们在液体石腊中加入添加剂，组成混合粘合剂，可显著改善电极的检...     

Viral infections in the mouth

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are commonly encountered in the HIV-infected patient. A unique feature of OHL is non-cytolytic high level of replication of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the glossal epithelium. The expression of viral-encoded anti-apoptotic proteins concomitant to replicative proteins probably underlies this phenomenon. The question of whether OHL arises from activation of EBV latent in the tongue, or from superinfection by endogenous EBV shed via non-glossal sites or by exogenous EBV remains unresolved. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is now seen as necessary but not sufficient cause of KS. Expression of HHV8-encoded oncogenic proteins in endothelial cells probably explains the aberrant proliferation of these cells in KS lesions. Studies into why KS is so commonly observed at the palate in HIV-infected patients may provide important clues to its pathogenesis.     

Hepatocyte localization of hepatitis B core and surface antigens in renal transplant recipients

Summary A prospective series of 45 liver biopsies taken from 22 renal transplant patients was investigated for the presence of hepatitis B antigen core (HBc) and surface (HBs) components by electron microscopy. At the time of each biopsy serum HBs Ag was sought by radioimmunoassay. Sections were taken for the detection of HBs Ag by immunofluorescence.In seropositive patients, intravesicular tubular structures resembling HBs Ag were found in 61% of biopsies while the intranuclear core HBc was present in 69%. No correlation could be made between the ultrastructural pattern of the viral components and the intensity of the histological liver damage. During the follow up, there was an accumulation of both HBs and HBc Ag even in a period as short as 1 year. The 9 liver specimens examined after three years of transplantation showed a marked accumulation of both antigens. Thus the expression of HB Ag at the hepatocellular level seems to correlate better with the duration of antigenaemia than with the histological pattern.Lastly, on matched semithin and ultrathin sections, the ground glass appearance of cytoplasm appeared to correlate with smooth endoplasmic reticulum distorsion, irrespective of the simultaneous presence or absence of intravesicular tubular structures. The sanded nuclei expressed a rare massive accumulation of core antigen.     

Prognostic value of the Spetzler's grading system in a series of cerebral AVMs treated by a combined management

Summary The prognostic value of the Spetzler's grading system is studied in a series of 52 AVMs treated by a combined management, using one or several of the 3 available techniques: surgical resection, endovascular embolization, radiosurgery.The symptoms at the time of treatment were haemorrhage 50%, seizures 31%, headache and deficit 19%. Three grade groups were considered: I and II (31%), III (33%), IV and V (36%). Overall, AVMs were managed as follows: resection alone 25%, embolization plus resection 23%, embolization alone 23%, radiosurgery with various combinations 29%. According to the grade groups, the most frequently used technique was resection alone for grade I–II AVMs (44%), radiosurgery for grade III AVMs (41%) and embolization alone for grade IV–V AVMs (42%).The clinical outcome was evaluated in terms of deterioration due to treatment. The best results were obtained in grade I–II AVMs (81% with no deterioration) then in grade III AVMs (65%) and in grade IV–V (58%). However, when we consider the outcome in terms of favourable results (no or only minor deterioration) we obtained a similar outcome for grade I–II and grade III AVMs (94% each), and only 79% for grade IV–V malformations. The angiographic outcome showed a better eradication rate in grade III AVMs (88% complete eradication), than in grade I–II AVMs (75%) and in grade IV–V (47%).Our conclusion is that the Spetzler's grading system in this series was well correlated with both the clinical and the angiographic outcome. However, we found no real difference between grade I–II and grade III AVMs. So, in terms of prognostic value, the grade I, II, and III AVMs could be considered together as low-grade malformations, with a better prognosis than the high-grade malformations (grade IV and V).     

Inhibition of cigarette smoke-related lipophilic DNA adducts in rat tissues by dietary oltipraz

The present study investigated the effects of dietary oltipraz on cigarette smoke-related lipophilic DNA adduct formation. Female Sprague- Dawley rats were exposed daily to sidestream cigarette smoke in a whole- body exposure chamber 6 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. One group of rats was maintained on control diet while another group received the same diet supplemented with either a low (167 p.p.m.) or high (500 p.p.m.) dose of oltipraz, starting 1 week prior to initiation of smoke exposure until the end of the experiment. Analysis of lipophilic DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-mediated 32P-post-labeling showed up to five smoke-related adducts. Adduct no. 5 predominated in both the lung and the heart while adduct nos 3 and 2 predominated in the trachea and bladder, respectively. Quantitative analysis revealed that the total adduct level was the highest in lungs (270+/-68 adducts/10(10) nucleotides), followed by trachea (196+/-48 adducts/10(10) nucleotides), heart (141+/-22 adducts/10(10) nucleotides) and bladder (85+/-16 adducts/10(10) nucleotides). High dose oltipraz treatment reduced the adduct levels in lungs and bladder by >60%, while the reduction in lungs in the low-dose group was approximately 35%. In trachea, the effect of low and high dietary oltipraz on smoke DNA adduction was equivocal, while smoke-related DNA adducts in the heart were minimally inhibited by high-dose oltipraz. In a repeat experiment that employed a 3-fold lower dose of cigarette smoke, oltipraz (500 p.p.m.) was found to inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in rat lungs and trachea by 80 and 65%, respectively. These data clearly demonstrate a high efficacy of oltipraz in inhibiting the formation of cigarette smoke-induced DNA adducts in the target tissues.