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The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes. Belgian Diabetes Registry 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
Nistico L; Buzzetti R; Pritchard LE; Van der Auwera B; Giovannini C; Bosi E; Larrad MT; Rios MS; Chow CC; Cockram CS; Jacobs K; Mijovic C; Bain SC; Barnett AH; Vandewalle CL; Schuit F; Gorus FK; Tosi R; Pozzilli P; Todd JA 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(7):1075-1080
Susceptibility to autoimmune insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus
is determined by a combination of environmental and genetic factors, which
include variation in MHC genes on chromosome 6p21 (IDDM1) and the insulin
gene on chromosome 11p15 (IDDM2). However, linkage to IDDM1 and IDDM2
cannot explain the clustering of type 1 diabetes in families, and a role
for other genes is inferred. In the present report we describe linkage and
association of type 1 diabetes to the CTLA-4 gene (cytotoxic T lymphocyte
associated-4) on chromosome 2q33 (designated IDDM12). CTLA-4 is a strong
candidate gene for T cell- mediated autoimmune disease because it encodes a
T cell receptor that mediates T cell apoptosis and is a vital negative
regulator of T cell activation. In addition, we provide supporting evidence
that CTLA-4 is associated with susceptibility to Graves' disease, another
organ- specific autoimmune disease.
相似文献
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Successful treatment of oesophageal candidiasis by micafungin: a novel systemic antifungal agent 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Pettengell K Mynhardt J Kluyts T Lau W Facklam D Buell D;FK South African Study Group 《Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics》2004,20(4):475-481
AIM: To determine the minimum effective dose and safety of micafungin in the treatment of HIV-related oesophageal candidiasis. METHOD: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this open label study of the effects of daily 1 h infusions of micafungin on endoscopically proven fungal oesophagitis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg of micafungin daily. Response was evaluated clinically and endoscopically. RESULTS: The protocol defined minimum effective dose of micafungin was 12.5 mg. The percentage of patients experiencing clearing of physical signs and symptoms showed a dose-response relationship and reached 94.7% in the 100 mg dose group. All patients in the 50, 75 and 100 mg dose groups achieved an endoscopically verified improvement in oesophagitis. Adverse effects of micafungin were generally mild and not dose-related. No serious renal, hepatic or drug-related infusion reactions were encountered. CONCLUSION: Micafungin was found to be effective, well-tolerated and safe. The minimum effective dose was found to be 12.5 mg and a significant linear trend in the successful treatment of oesophageal candidiasis was observed across the doses used with 75 and 100 mg dose levels achieving high rates of clinical and endoscopic cure. 相似文献
6.
Afukaar FK 《Injury control and safety promotion》2003,10(1-2):77-81
Speed has been determined to be one of the most common contributing factors in vehicle crashes. This study explores vehicle speed as a factor in the causation of road traffic crashes, using the example of Ghana. It examines the effectiveness of various speed control measures, based on police-reported traffic crashes in Ghana and published works on speed control measures in both industrialized and developing countries. In Ghana, pedestrians were the main victims of road traffic injuries. The dominant driver error assigned by traffic police was loss of control, with the underlying factor being excessive vehicle speeds. The 'speed factor' alone accounted for more than 50% of all Ghanaian road traffic crashes between 1998 and 2000. While the enforcement of speed limits by traffic police may not be affordable for most developing countries, rumble strips and speed humps were found to be effective on Ghanaian roads. Rumble strips installed on the main Accra-Kumasi highway reduced crashes by about 35% and fatalities by about 55%. Reducing vehicle speeds may be one of the most effective interventions to stem traffic crashes in low-income countries. However, setting lower speed limits is not an effective intervention without the traffic law enforcement resources to ensure that limits are followed. Developing countries must also look to other speed reduction measures such as speed bumps and rumble strips, roads that segregate high- and low-speed users, and technological solutions such as speed governors, as well as greater public awareness of the problem. 相似文献
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Angus YK Lam Anthony F Jorm Daniel FK Wong 《International journal of mental health systems》2010,4(1):18
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate in members of the Chinese community in Melbourne the impact of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training on knowledge about mental disorders and on attitudes to people with mental illness. The hypotheses were that at the end of the training participants would have increased knowledge of mental disorders and related treatments, and decreased negative attitudes towards people with mental disorders. 相似文献8.
YL Cheng CC Shek FK Wong KS Choi KF Chau TS Ing CS Li 《American journal of kidney diseases》1998,31(6):986-990
In 22 hemodialysis patients, during a dialysis session, the solute removal index (SRI) for urea obtained from the use of a partial spent dialysate collection method was compared with that derived from the use of a total spent dialysate collection technique. The partial spent dialysate collection method was used to harvest a small representative sample of the total spent dialysate. The volumes of spent dialysate collected by the partial and the total spent dialysate collection methods were 1.7 +/- 0.4 L and 129.6 +/- 15.3 L, respectively. The total amount of urea nitrogen removed by dialysis as estimated by the partial spent dialysate collection method was similar to that determined by the total spent dialysate collection approach. As a result, the SRI value for urea obtained by the partial spent dialysate collection method (namely, 63% +/- 8%) correlated very well (r = 0.95, P < 0.001) with that derived by the total spent dialysate collection technique (namely, 62% +/- 8%). Our data suggest that it is feasible to use a simple partial spent dialysate collection method to obtain SRI results in patients treated with hemodialysis. 相似文献
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FK Hashem 《CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY》2003,11(3):141-142
This study specifically investigates whether the use of both large cervical vessels (the external carotid artery and the internal jugular vein) as recipient vessels with end-to-side anastomosis enhance free flap survival in head and neck cancer reconstruction, when compared with the use of other standard smaller neck recipient vessels and end-to-end anastomosis. A total of 84 consecutive patients were included and were divided into two groups (42 in each group) according to the recipient vessels. The overall vessel thrombosis rate was 6% (five of 84 cases) and the overall flap loss rate was 2.4% (two of 84 cases) yielding a flap salvage rate of 60%. Vessel thrombosis occurred in three cases of the smaller vessels group and in two cases of the large cervical vessels group. This was not statistically significant. 相似文献