泌尿外科手术中脾损伤的防治体会

目的 探讨泌尿外科手术中脾损伤的原因及防治方法. 方法 回顾性分析1990-2011年我院496例泌尿外科手术中16例脾损伤的临床资料.其中左肾癌根治术9例,左肾错构瘤剜除术3例,左肾上腺肿瘤切除术4例.损伤位于脾外缘8例,脾肾韧带附近6例,脾门附近2例.16例中行保脾手术14例(Ⅰ级损伤8例,Ⅱ级6例).其中3例直接采用止血纱布压迫止血;5例采用电凝、黏合、止血纱布压迫止血;2例Ⅱ级损伤者用可吸收线作兜底U形缝合,涂生物蛋白胶后再用止血纱布压迫止血;2例Ⅱ级损伤者缝合时将部分大网膜缝入,喷涂生物胶后用明胶海绵压迫;2例Ⅱ级损伤者行脾动脉分支结扎术.2例(Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级各1例)行脾切除术. 结果 14例保留脾脏和2例脾切除患者均治愈出院.随访6个月～5年,无脾脏延迟出血及脾功能异常.1例患者术后6个月死于癌复发转移. 结论 泌尿外科左肾及左肾上腺巨大肿瘤手术时,脾损伤是一种较常见的并发症.重在预防,一旦发生术中脾损伤,应根据具体伤情选择合理术式,尽可能保留脾脏.     

肾癌伴腔静脉瘤栓的诊治进展

肾癌伴腔静脉瘤栓的诊断、外科及综合治疗已取得较大进展,患者的生存期及生活质量得到明显改善,但仍有不少问题值得深入研究,而肾癌基础方面的研究进展为肾癌治疗提供了新的希望.     

肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的安全性及疗效分析

目的 评价肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析56例行肾部分切除术患者的临床资料.术中肾动脉阻断时间≤30 min者28例.＞30 min者28例.采用99Tcm-DTPA肾核素扫描检测术前术后分肾的肾小球滤过率(GFR),比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后住院日、并发症发生率以及术前、术后1周和术后6个月的GFR值,明确肾热缺血安全时限,并随访远期生存情况.结果 术后随访30～48个月,平均36个月,总体生存率和肿瘤无复发生存率分别为100%和98%.阻断时间≤30 min和＞30 min组患者术中失血量、手术时间、术后住院日及并发症比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术前患肾GFR分别为(42.9±4.9)、(42.8±5.6)ml/min,术后1周为(34.2±4.9)和(30.4±5.2)ml/min,前者GFR降低程度低于后者,差异有统计学意义(p=0.007).术后6个月时肾热缺血时间≤30 min组患肾GFR为(41.2±4.3)ml/min,与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);＞30 min组GFR为(38.1±5.0)ml/min,仍明显低于术前水平(P=0.001).结论 肾部分切除术治疗肾肿瘤局部复发率低,远期生存率高,并发症发生率低,而且能最大限度地保留功能性肾单位,安全有效.术中阻断肾血管可以有效减少术中失血,将热缺血时间控制在30 min内,对肾功能影响较小,安全可行.

Abstract：

Objective To report the safety and efficacy of partial nephrectomy (PN) in 56 patients with renal tumors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 56 patients who were treated with PN.Patients were divided into two groups according to the occlusion time.The occlusion time for Group 1 was≤30 min in 28 cases,and Group 2＞30 min in 28 cases.All patients underwent pre-and post-operation 99Tcm-diethylenetriamine pentoacetic acid renal scintigraphy, to determine the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR).The GFR values, amount of blood loss during operation,operative time,postoperative hospital stay and the complications rate were compared between the two groups prior to surgery and one week and six months post-surgery.All patients were followed-up.Results The average follow-up time was 36 (30-48) months.The overall survival rate and tumor recurrence-free survival rate were 100% and 98%.There was no significant difference between vessel clamp time≤30 min and＞30 min in the amount of intraoperative blood loss,operative time,postoperative hospital stay and complications rate,P values were 0.266,0.487,0.879 and 1.000.The preoperative and 1 week postoperative GFR values of the two groups were (42.9±4.9) and (34.2±4.9),(42.8±5.6) and (30.4±5.2) ml/min.The difference was significant(P=0.007).The GFR values were (41.2±4.3)ml/min at 6 months after surgery for Group 1,compared with that before surgery,but the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).While the GFR values were (38.1±5.0) ml/min for Group 2,and the GFR for Group 2 did not recover to the preoperative level (P=0.001). Conelusions PN for renal tumors could be a safe and effective treatment option.The damage on renal function could be minimal when the renal artery clamping time is controlled to within 30 min.     

麦考酚钠肠溶片的应用新进展

麦考酚钠肠溶片(EC-MPS)是麦考酚酸(MPA)的肠溶型制剂,在肠道释放并吸收,与吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)相比,它可降低胃肠道不良反应的发生率,现将EC-MPS的应用进展作如下综述.     

膀胱软斑病一例报告

患者,女,54岁.因查体发现膀胱肿物1个月于2009年6月人院.患者查体时B超检查发现右肾盂轻度积水,尿常规检查发现镜下血尿.尿红细胞80/μl.外院膀胱镜检查见膀胱三角区黏膜粗糙,滤泡生成,膀胱顶壁、后壁、侧壁见散在淡红色肿物生成.镜下取活检报告:溃疡性膀胱炎伴腺性膀胱炎.患者无明显自觉症状,排尿后有轻微下腹部不适.