右美托咪啶辅助表面麻醉用于患者支气管肺泡灌洗术的效果

Objective To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine-assisted topical anesthesia in patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL). Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients in ICU, aged 24-64 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, scheduled for BAL, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 12 each) : topical anesthesia group (group A) , topical anesthesia + dexmedetomidine group (group B) . In group A, 0.9% normal saline 5 ml was injected intravenously 30 min before operation, 2% lidocaine 5-10 ml was given via a tracheal tube or cannula 5 min before operation and then an increment of 2% lidocaine 5 ml was given using fibreoptic bronchoscope every 15-30 min as required (the total amount was within 20 ml) . In group B, dexmedetomidine 0.5-1.0 μg/kg was injected (time of injection≥ 10 min) followed by infusion at 0.1-0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 and the topical anesthesia was performed as the method described in group A. The time of lavage, adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded. Blood samples were taken 20 min before lavage, 20 min after the start of lavage and 20 min after the end of lavage (T1-3 ) for determination of the concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol. Results The incidences of adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events were significantly lower and the operation time was significantly shorter in group B than in group A ( P < 0.05). The concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol were significantly higher at T2,3 in group A, while lower at T2,3 in group B than at T1 ( P < 0.05) . The concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol were significantly lower in group B than in group A ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine-assisted topical anesthesia can be used safely and effectively in BAL.     

七氟醚与丙泊酚在输尿管腹腔镜手术中的应用比较

目的:通过比较七氟醚与丙泊酚麻醉在输尿管腹腔镜手术中的应用,探讨七氟醚在临床麻醉应用中的特点.方法:将60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行择期腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石手术的患者分为两组,分别行七氟醚(Ⅰ组)及丙泊酚(Ⅱ组)麻醉.比较两组患者从诱导至意识消失时间、插气管导管时间、手术结束至知觉恢复时间、清醒后拔除气管导管时间及两组患者诱导期间MAP、HR和SpO2的变化.结果:(1)两组患者从诱导至意识消失时间、插气管导管时间差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01).手术结束至知觉恢复时间、清醒后拔除气管导管时间差异均无显著性(P>0.05).(2)诱导期间Ⅰ组MAP在插入气管导管时,插管后1 min及插管后3 min与诱导开始前比较差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01).Ⅱ组MAP在插入气管导管时及插入后3 min与诱导开始前比较差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01).Ⅰ组MAP在插管后1 min、3 min及气腹后3 min与Ⅱ组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),Ⅱ组MAP在气腹后3 min与气腹前比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),而Ⅰ组差异无显著性(P>0.05).Ⅱ组HR在插入气管导管时与诱导开始前比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),两组其他各时间点的HR及两组SpO2与诱导开始前比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:七氟醚吸入麻醉与丙泊酚静脉麻醉均能较好地在输尿管腹腔手术中应用,丙泊酚静脉麻醉诱导更快,而七氟醚吸入麻醉维持更平稳.     

声带息肉摘除术2种全麻方法的效果比较

目前声带息肉摘除术普遍采用全麻气管内插管麻醉，近年笔者采用高频喷射通气麻醉取得良好效果，现报道如下。     

曲马多术后镇痛对乳癌根治术患者T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞的影响

目的探讨曲马多用于乳癌根治术患者术后静脉自控镇痛（patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA）与硬膜外自控镇痛（ patient controlled epidural analgesia, PCEA）对T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞的影响。方法本研究组乳癌根治术患者46例,随机分为两组,观察组（n=24）为静脉自控镇痛组,对照组（n=22）为硬膜外自控镇痛组,两组均采用硬膜外麻醉。分别于术前30min（基础值T0）、术后2h（T1）、24h（12）、48h（仍）、72h（T4）五个时间点测定T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3、CD4＋CD3＋、CD8＋CD3＋、CDl9）及NK细胞（CD3-CDl6＋CD56＋）。结果与基础值佝相比较,T1、T2、仍两组患者T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞均呈明显降低趋势（P〈0．05）,T4对照组各检测值升高到麻醉前水平,观察组相对较低,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。在他和T3时观察组CD3、CD4＋CD3＋、CD8＋CD3＋、CDl9和CD3-CDl6＋CD56＋明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论曲马多PCIA与PCEA用于乳癌根治术患者术后镇痛对T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞会产生一定的抑制作用,PCEA镇痛能保护T淋巴细胞的免疫功能,有利于患者术后免疫功能的恢复。     

右美托咪啶辅助表面麻醉用于患者支气管肺泡灌洗术的效果

目的 探讨右美托咪啶辅助表面麻醉用于患者支气管肺泡灌洗术的效果.方法 拟行支气管肺泡灌洗术的ICU患者24例,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,体重50～80 kg,年龄24～64岁,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=12),A组术前30 min静脉注射0.9%生理盐水5 ml,术前5 min经气管导管或气管套管内注入2%利多卡因5～10 ml,随后按需每15～30 min经纤维支气管镜追加2%利多卡因5 ml,总量控制在20 ml以内;B组术前30 min缓慢静脉注射右美托咪啶0.5～1.0 μg/kg,随后以0.1～0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1速率维持,表面麻醉方法同A组.记录灌洗时间、不良反应及心血管不良事件的发生情况.于灌洗前20 min(T1)、灌洗开始后20 min(T2)、灌洗结束后20 min(T3)时采集血样,测定血浆儿茶酚胺浓度和血清皮质醇浓度.结果 与A组比较,B组血清皮质醇浓度、血浆儿茶酚胺浓度降低、不良反应及心血管不良事件发生率降低,操作时间缩短(P<0.05).与T1时比较,A组T2,3时血清皮质醇及血浆儿茶酚胺浓度升高,B组T2,3时血清皮质醇及血浆儿茶酚胺浓度降低(P<0.05).结论 右美托咪啶辅助表面麻醉可安全有效地用于患者支气管肺泡灌洗术.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine-assisted topical anesthesia in patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL). Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients in ICU, aged 24-64 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, scheduled for BAL, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 12 each) : topical anesthesia group (group A) , topical anesthesia + dexmedetomidine group (group B) . In group A, 0.9% normal saline 5 ml was injected intravenously 30 min before operation, 2% lidocaine 5-10 ml was given via a tracheal tube or cannula 5 min before operation and then an increment of 2% lidocaine 5 ml was given using fibreoptic bronchoscope every 15-30 min as required (the total amount was within 20 ml) . In group B, dexmedetomidine 0.5-1.0 μg/kg was injected (time of injection≥ 10 min) followed by infusion at 0.1-0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 and the topical anesthesia was performed as the method described in group A. The time of lavage, adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded. Blood samples were taken 20 min before lavage, 20 min after the start of lavage and 20 min after the end of lavage (T1-3 ) for determination of the concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol. Results The incidences of adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events were significantly lower and the operation time was significantly shorter in group B than in group A ( P < 0.05). The concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol were significantly higher at T2,3 in group A, while lower at T2,3 in group B than at T1 ( P < 0.05) . The concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol were significantly lower in group B than in group A ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine-assisted topical anesthesia can be used safely and effectively in BAL.     

右美托咪啶辅助表面麻醉用于患者支气管肺泡灌洗术的效果

Objective To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine-assisted topical anesthesia in patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL). Methods Twenty-four ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients in ICU, aged 24-64 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, scheduled for BAL, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 12 each) : topical anesthesia group (group A) , topical anesthesia + dexmedetomidine group (group B) . In group A, 0.9% normal saline 5 ml was injected intravenously 30 min before operation, 2% lidocaine 5-10 ml was given via a tracheal tube or cannula 5 min before operation and then an increment of 2% lidocaine 5 ml was given using fibreoptic bronchoscope every 15-30 min as required (the total amount was within 20 ml) . In group B, dexmedetomidine 0.5-1.0 μg/kg was injected (time of injection≥ 10 min) followed by infusion at 0.1-0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 and the topical anesthesia was performed as the method described in group A. The time of lavage, adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded. Blood samples were taken 20 min before lavage, 20 min after the start of lavage and 20 min after the end of lavage (T1-3 ) for determination of the concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol. Results The incidences of adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events were significantly lower and the operation time was significantly shorter in group B than in group A ( P < 0.05). The concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol were significantly higher at T2,3 in group A, while lower at T2,3 in group B than at T1 ( P < 0.05) . The concentrations of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol were significantly lower in group B than in group A ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine-assisted topical anesthesia can be used safely and effectively in BAL.     

医院麻醉药品管理中存在的问题及对策

麻醉药品是一类特殊的药品,连续使用后易产生身体依赖性、或成瘾癖,滥用或者不合理使用易产生依赖性和精神依赖性.伴随着临床治疗手段的不断提升,麻醉药品的数量以及品种也相继提升,这为麻醉药品的管理带来了新的问题,文章就麻醉药品管理过程中易出现的问题进行全面总结,并对解决方案加以详细阐述.     

不同升压药物对剖宫产患者新生儿脐血pH的影响

目的 探讨去氧肾上腺素和麻黄碱对剖宫产患者新生儿脐血pH的影响.方法 选择2009年1月至2011年6月医院择期行剖宫产术的单胎足月产妇60例,随机分成去氧肾上腺素组、麻黄碱组,各30例,均采用0.5%盐酸罗哌卡因注射液8～10 mg腰硬联合麻醉.当收缩压在基础值80%及以下时,去氧肾上腺素组静脉注射盐酸去氧肾上腺素注射液50～100μg/次,麻黄碱组静脉注射盐酸麻黄碱注射液5～10mg/次.胎儿娩出即刻取脐带动静脉血测pH.结果 所有患者用药后血压恢复正常,两组血压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).去氧肾上腺素组脐带动静脉血pH高于麻黄碱组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 去氧肾上腺素为腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产时对母婴影响较小的升压药物,值得,临床推广.     

昂丹司琼单用与地塞米松联用预防PONV效果的Meta分析

目的评价昂丹司琼联用地塞米松预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的效果。方法通过检索Pubmed、CNKI和万方数据库,搜集昂丹司琼联用地塞米松预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的随机对照试验研究（RCT）,以评价联用药的效果。结果共纳入9篇文献,共625例腹腔镜胆囊术患者。结果显示,试验组效果优于对照组。PONV及呕吐OR及95％CI分别为0．32（0．20,0.52）和0．25（0．13,0.50）。结论昂丹司琼联用地塞米松能有效预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后恶心呕吐的发生。