北京市丰台区餐饮单位从业人员营养知信行的影响因素分析

目的 研究北京市丰台区餐饮单位从业人员营养知信行的现况及影响因素,为餐饮单位从业人员营养知识的全方面提升提供参考依据。方法 通过查阅相关文献、专家咨询,编制出餐饮单位从业人员营养知识-态度-行为问卷。采取随机整群抽样法在丰台区的餐厅和食堂中抽取341名餐饮单位从业人员,应用单因素方差分析和多元逐步回归分析对餐饮单位从业人员营养知信行的基本情况和影响因素进行分析。结果 常住在城镇(8.69±2.97)、大专学历(9.00±3.06)的从业人员营养知识得分较高;食堂的从业人员(39.11±3.12)、常住在城镇(37.47±6.59)的从业人员营养态度得分较高;食堂的从业人员(36.08±7.02)、厨师(33.03±9.27)、容纳600人以上的餐饮单位(33.28±10.78)的从业人员营养行为得分较高。结论 餐饮单位从业人员的营养知信行得分较低,需要增加从业人员营养宣教的机会,提升文化程度,对小规模企业、服务员的营养教育需落实到位。     

Influence of interferon-α therapy on CD8 T memory subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Objective To investigate the influence of interferon-a therapy on CD8 T memory subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and correlation between the effect of IFN-α and CD8 T memory subsets. Methods Blood samples from 57 patients with CHB were collected before treatment (0 week), at 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment with pegylated IFN-α. Assays were performed on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs). For phenotype analysis, All data were acquired on a flow cytometer instrument and prepared for analysis. Results A significantly higher frequency of CD8+ TEM and lower frequency of CD8+ TCM in inactive HBsAg carriers than that in CHB patients prior to treatment was observed (P <0.05). The proportion of CD8 + TCM was higher in group nonresponders than in group respond-ers, and the proportion of CD8 + TEM was lower in group nonresponders than in group responders (P < 0.05 ). The average dosage of IFN-α applied to patients with response was significantly higher than nonresponders. Conclusion The dominance of circulating effector memory T cells may be associated with elimination of viral infection, and possibly benefit for response to therapy with IFN-α.     

Influence of interferon-α therapy on CD8 T memory subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Objective To investigate the influence of interferon-a therapy on CD8 T memory subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and correlation between the effect of IFN-α and CD8 T memory subsets. Methods Blood samples from 57 patients with CHB were collected before treatment (0 week), at 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment with pegylated IFN-α. Assays were performed on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs). For phenotype analysis, All data were acquired on a flow cytometer instrument and prepared for analysis. Results A significantly higher frequency of CD8+ TEM and lower frequency of CD8+ TCM in inactive HBsAg carriers than that in CHB patients prior to treatment was observed (P <0.05). The proportion of CD8 + TCM was higher in group nonresponders than in group respond-ers, and the proportion of CD8 + TEM was lower in group nonresponders than in group responders (P < 0.05 ). The average dosage of IFN-α applied to patients with response was significantly higher than nonresponders. Conclusion The dominance of circulating effector memory T cells may be associated with elimination of viral infection, and possibly benefit for response to therapy with IFN-α.     

PDD法吲哚氰绿潴留试验评估肝硬化与肝癌肝功能的临床意义

目的 探讨脉动色素浓度测定(PDD)吲哚氰绿(ICG)潴留试验对于评价肝硬化与肝癌肝储备功能的临床价值.方法 选取89例肝炎肝硬化患者和40例原发性肝癌患者,以PDD法测定ICG 15 win潴留率(ICGR15)及常规临床指标CHE、PAB、ALB、PTA、TBA;比较ICGRl5与以上临床指标对肝功能评价的意义,并各指标进行相关性分析.结果 (1)ICGR15、CHE、TBA、ALB、PTA在Child-Pugh A、B、C级3组比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=40.975,13.397,27.448,9.544,20.421,P<0.05),PAB在B级与A级、C级与A级之间差异有统计学意义(F=16.627,P<0.05).(2)肝炎肝硬化患者ICGRl5和TBA随Child-Push分值(C-P值)增加而递增,PTA则递减;ICGR15分别在C-P值5分与7分,9分与10分比较,差异有统计学意义(F=12.635,P<0.05).(3)ICGR15值与常用临床指标作相关性分析得出,与ICGR15值相关性最好的为TBA(r=0.605),其次为PTA、CHE、PAB、ALB(r=-0.598,-0.565,-0.537,-0.424).结论 PDD法ICGRl5与常规临床指标存在良好相关性,且明显优于常规肝功能指标,CHE、TBA也能够客观地评价肝储备状况.     

IFN-α治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效与记忆性T细胞的相关性

目的 研究IFN-α在治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者中对记忆性T细胞亚群变化的影响,及其临床治疗效果与记忆性T细胞亚群变化的相关性.方法 57例接受IFN-α治疗的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者,分别在治疗前(O周),及疗程期内不同时间点(12周和24周)抽取外周血,分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)后加入抗体染色,流式细胞仪检测,统计学分析.结果 非活动性HBsAg携带者CD8效应记忆性T细胞(CD8+TEM)的比例显著高于未经IFN-α治疗的CHB患者;相反,CD8中心记忆性T细胞(CD8+TCM)的百分比则显著低于未经IFN-α治疗的CHB患者(P<0.05);有效组CD8+TEM百分比在IFN-α治疗前和治疗24周时均高于无效组,CD8+TCM百分比在IFN-α治疗前和治疗24周时则低于无效组(P<0.05);有效组IFN-α的剂量明显高于无效组.结论 病毒的清除与效应记忆性T细胞亚群比例可能有关,TEM亚群在数量上占优势可能对IFN-α治疗效果有益.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influence of interferon-a therapy on CD8 T memory subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and correlation between the effect of IFN-α and CD8 T memory subsets. Methods Blood samples from 57 patients with CHB were collected before treatment (0 week), at 12 weeks and 24 weeks of treatment with pegylated IFN-α. Assays were performed on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs). For phenotype analysis, All data were acquired on a flow cytometer instrument and prepared for analysis. Results A significantly higher frequency of CD8+ TEM and lower frequency of CD8+ TCM in inactive HBsAg carriers than that in CHB patients prior to treatment was observed (P <0.05). The proportion of CD8 + TCM was higher in group nonresponders than in group respond-ers, and the proportion of CD8 + TEM was lower in group nonresponders than in group responders (P < 0.05 ). The average dosage of IFN-α applied to patients with response was significantly higher than nonresponders. Conclusion The dominance of circulating effector memory T cells may be associated with elimination of viral infection, and possibly benefit for response to therapy with IFN-α.     

农村小学厕所设施及学生如厕行为调查

了解农村小学厕所卫生现状、在校学生如厕行为及其影响因素,为改善学校环境提供参考.方法 选取中国北方某地2所农村非寄宿制完全小学149名学生,采用现场观察和问卷调查的方法,获得学校厕所卫生设施状况、如厕时间、如厕行为和如厕体验.采用SAS 9.4对调查结果进行统计分析.结果 2所学校均为深坑旱厕,女生厕所蹲位数低于《中小学校设计规范》要求,男生蹲位数和小便池长度符合标准要求;男女生平均如厕总时间分别为(28.46±11.72)和(42.48±15.52)s,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.96,P<0.01);实际如厕时间,男生平均为(24.27±9.13)s,女生为(24.69±9.40)s,差异无统计学意义(t=0.24,P>0.05);在小便如厕频率、上厕所排队、课堂上有如厕需求时如何表达等行为上,学校2优于学校1(x2值分别为11.70,27.19,17.74,P值均<0.05);高年级比低年级更少在校如厕、使用校厕排便等(x2值分别为5.28,13.18,P值均<0.05).学生对校厕卫生的主要不良体验是有臭味.结论 农村小学在校学生如厕时间集中在上午课间,高年级学生比低年级学生更愿意表达如厕意愿,学生对学校厕所卫生满意程度不高.     

巨细胞病毒感染细胞的免疫原性分析

目的:检测细胞感染巨细胞病毒后诱导免疫应答的能力.方法:将巨细胞病毒感染人胚肺成纤维母细胞(HELF),抗体标记细胞表面HLA-A2分子,流式细胞术(FCM)检测感染细胞HLA-A02表达强度;将感染的HELF、荷载外源性多肽的自身PBMC以及未感染的HELF,分别与PBMC共同孵育,FCM检测CD8+T细胞内IFN-γ的表达作为应答指标.结果:感染细胞HLA-A分子表达强度较未感染组降低78.24%±19.72%.感染并荷载外源性多肽的HELF诱导产生的刺激应答率,高于单纯巨细胞病毒感染的HELF和荷载多肽的未感染HELF所诱导应答比率.结论:尽管巨细胞病毒下调MHC Ⅰ分子表达,但可能不减弱细胞递呈外源多肽的能力,并足以诱导产生免疫应答.     

恩替卡韦在慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者中的初步临床应用

目的研究恩替卡韦对HBV所致的慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者生化及近期预后指标的影响。方法对14例慢加亚急性肝衰竭患者应用恩替卡韦0.5mg/日,分别比较治疗前与治疗后（4周、8周、12周、24周）的生化、凝血酶原活动度的指标及治疗第4周、12周、24周的HBV DNA定量的变化。同时应用MELD评分公式进行评价。结果治疗8、12、24周后的总胆红素（T-BIL）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）分别与治疗前比较明显降低（P〈0.01）;治疗4周、8周、12周、24周的凝血酶原活动度与治疗前比较明显升高（P〈0.05）,治疗12周、24周的血清白蛋白（ALB）与治疗前比较均明显升高（P〈0.05）;治疗12周、24周的MELD评分值与治疗前相比明显降低（P=0.000,P〈0.01）。第4周、12周、24周的HBVDNA定量与治疗前比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。结论恩替卡韦能有效抑制HBV的复制,改善乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者的生化指标,降低其病死率。     

一起学校疑似金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素所致食源性疾病调查

学校是人群高度集中的场所,学校发生食源性疾病暴发事件常伴有潜伏期短、发病人数多、年级范围广等特点[1].金黄色葡萄球菌(staphylococcus aureus)是导致食源性疾病暴发的重要致病菌之一[2],是导致我国学校食源性疾病事件的第二大微生物因素[1].2019年6月6日13:40,北京市某区疾病预防控制中心接到电话通知,该区有多名学生出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻症状到医院就诊,怀疑与某食品厂生产的三明治有关.接到报告后,立即组织人员前往现场调查处理.处理结果如下.     

谷氨酰胺对急性肝损伤大鼠肠黏膜屏障的作用

目的 探讨谷氨酰胺(glutamine,GLN)对急性肝损伤大鼠肠黏膜屏障的作用.方法 61只清洁级Wistar大鼠随机分为3组:对照组、模型组、GLN干预组.采用脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)和D-半乳糖胺(D-galactosamine,D-Gal)腹腔注射法建立急性肝损伤大鼠模型.检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和总胆红素(TBiL)水平;光镜下及电镜下观察大鼠肝脏及肠道病理学改变;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)介导的缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡;高压液相离子色谱仪(HPLC-PED)检测大鼠肠黏膜通透性的改变.结果 模型组及GLN干预组大鼠死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);模型组及GLN干预组大鼠血清ALT、AST和TBIL水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组肠黏膜通透性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);光镜下GLN干预组与模型组大鼠肝脏损伤程度差异无统计学意义;肠道未见明显病变;透射电镜下模型组和GLN干预组大鼠肝脏和肠道出现线粒体和细胞核等损伤,GLN干预组较模型组大鼠损伤轻;GLN干预组肝脏和肠道的凋亡指数(Apoptosis index,AI)显著低于模型组(P<0.05).结论 脂多糖可以造成D-半乳糖胺致敏大鼠急性肝损伤模型,造模前给予谷胺酰胺干预可能对于改善肝功能,保护肠黏膜的通透性,降低死亡率没有显著性作用.