经肺热稀释法与肺动脉热稀释法测定猪心排血量的一致性

目的 评价经肺热稀释法与肺动脉热稀释法测定猪心排血量(CO)的一致性.方法对13只未成年猪,麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气,通过设定的方法依次进行血液动力学干预,于每次干预前及干预过程中血液动力学稳定至少10 min时,同时采用经肺热稀释法和肺动脉热稀释法测定CO(COTP,COPA).采用Bland-Altman法进行一致性分析,设定两种测定方法可以互换的界限为COTP 的相对误差<20%.结果 共收集205对CO数据,COTP范围为1.4～7.06 L/min,COPA范围为1.25～6.55 L/min,COTP值比COPA值高约2%;COTP的偏离度为0.07 L/min,95%可信区间(CI)为0.03～0.11 L/min;一致性范围为-0.46～0.60 L/min,其下限的95%CI为-0.53～-0.40 L/min,其上限的95%CI为0.54～0.66 L/min;COTP的相对误差为15.3%.结论 经肺热稀释法和肺动脉热稀释法测定猪CO具有良好的一致性.     

异丙酚或咪达唑仑复合麻醉下心脏手术患者心肌细胞凋亡及术后早期恢复的比较

Objective To compare the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and early postoperative recovery in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under propofol-or midazolam-combined anesthesia.Methods Forty NYHA class Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients (aged 48-64 yr and weighing 45-78 kg) undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly divided into midazolam group (Group M) and propofol group (Group P) (n=20each). The patients were premedicated with morphine 0.1 mg/kg i.v. and scopolamine 0.3 mg i.v. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2 mg/kg (in Group M) or propofol 2 mg/kg (in Group P) combined with fentanyl 10 μg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg, and maintained with propofol 5 mg. kg-1·h-1 (in Group P) or midazolam 0.1 mg·kg-1·h-1(in Group M) and intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium after tracheal intubation. The patients were mechanically ventilated with PETCO2 maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Myocardial tissues were obtained from the right atrium before and after CPB for determination of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes (by TUNEL). The apoptotic index was calculated. The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was determined by immunohistochemical avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique staining. The mean airway pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored. Aortic cross-clamping time, surgical and CPB times, spontaneous recovery of normal heart beat, emergence from anesthesia, extubation time and duration of ICU stay were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The percentage of spontaneous recovery of normal heart beat after release of aortic cross clamp was significantly higher and the need for dobutamine support was significantly less in Group P than in Group M ( P ＜ 0.05). The emergence from anesthesia was significantly more rapid, the extubation time and the ICU stay were significantly shorter in Group P than in Group M (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in apoptosis index and expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 before CPB between the two groups. The apoptosis index and expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly increased after CPB in Group M and significantly higher than those after CPB in Group P (P＜0.05).Conclusion Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in patients undergoing CPB can be inhibited and the postoperative recovery is more rapid under propofol-combined anesthesia.     

骶管麻醉致硬膜下阻滞的麻醉处理

硬膜下阻滞是硬膜外麻醉较少见的并发症之一,临床上仅有少量个例报道[1-7].     

围麻醉期46例过敏性休克的回顾性分析

过敏性休克是一种由IgE介导的严重速发型过敏反应,其特点是发作迅速、强烈,不可预见性,最严重的病例可在短时间内死亡。它已成为围手术期病死率的主要影响因素之一。本文就本院1995-2005年近10年来的围麻醉期46例严重过敏性休克病例进行总结,以供同行参考。1临床资料1·1一般资料46例患者中男性26例,女性20例,年龄25～72岁,均接受气管插管全身麻醉,其中发生在麻醉诱导期18例,麻醉维持期28例。若患者在使用药物时或后突然出现下列症状(尤其是循环衰竭症状)即可临床诊断为过敏性休克,主要包括过敏典型的皮肤改变:广泛的皮肤充血、皮疹、寻麻…     

支撑喉镜下手术240例麻醉体会

我院自１９９５年１月至１９９８年１月共施行支撑喉镜下手术２４０例 ,采取偏细导管静吸复合全麻 ,现将麻醉情况小结如下。临床资料一、一般资料本组２４０例 ,男１１８例 ,女１２２例 ,年龄９～７６岁。声带息肉２０９例 ,声带小结１７例 ,会厌囊肿８例 ,声带囊肿３例 ,声带乳头状瘤２例 ,声带小血管瘤１例 ,均在支撑喉镜下完成病变组织切除手术。二、麻醉方法术前３０ｍｉｎ肌注杜冷丁１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。入室后均行一路外周静脉开放滴液 ,无创血压 (ＮＩＢＰ) ,经皮血氧饱和度 (ＳｐＯ２) ,心电图 (ＥＣＧ)监测。面罩吸氧 ,静注咪唑安定０．…     

异丙酚或咪达唑仑复合麻醉下心脏手术患者心肌细胞凋亡及术后早期恢复的比较

目的比较异丙酚或咪达唑仑复合麻醉下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌细胞凋亡及术后早期恢复情况。方法择期体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者40例，随机分为2组（n=20）：异丙酚复合麻醉组（P组）和咪达唑仑复合麻醉组（M组）。采用异丙酚或咪达唑仑复合芬太尼、维库溴铵全凭静脉麻醉，分别于上腔静脉插管前（CPB前）、撤机后取右心耳组织，检测caspase-9、caspase-3表达，计算细胞凋亡指数（AI），并观察术中MAP、HR及术后早期恢复情况。结果与M组比较，P组多巴酚丁胺的输注速率减慢，清醒时间、拔管时间以及ICU停留时间缩短（P〈0．05）。P组心脏自动复跳率高于M组（P〈0．05）。与CPB前相比，撤机后M组心肌AI升高，caspase-9、caspase-3表达上调（P〈0．05），P组各指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；撤机后M组心肌AI及caspase-9、caspase-3表达高于P组（P〈0．05）。结论与咪达唑仑复合麻醉比较，异丙酚复合麻醉可抑制心脏瓣膜置换术中患者心肌细胞凋亡，术后早期恢复快，更适用于心脏手术麻醉。     

心内直视手术麻醉期间血浆CK-MB、MDA、SOD的变化

目的 研究体外循环心内直视手术期间心肌的缺血再灌注损伤及主动脉阻断时间、氧自由基及抗氧化酶的关系。方法 对体外循环心内直视手术病人在主动脉阻断和开放所形成的心肌缺血再灌注状态下,观察围术期血浆ＣＫ－ＭＢ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ的变化。结果 血浆ＣＫ－ＭＢ、ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ均在主动脉开放即刻就显著升高,主动脉开放１０、３０ｍｉｎ达高峰并显著高于主动脉开放即刻,术后２４ｈ仍高于麻醉前。ＣＫ－ＭＢ与ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ     

纤维支气管镜在口腔颌面外科困难气管插管中的应用

目的:探讨纤维支气管镜用于口腔颌面外科困难气管插管的效果及临床价值.方法:58例困难气管插管的患者在表面麻醉辅以适当的镇静镇痛的情况下行纤维支气管镜引导下清醒经鼻气管插管.结果:58例患者均一次顺利完成气管插管.结论:应用纤维支气管镜引导下清醒鼻插管,能安全有效地解决口腔颌面外科中的困难气管插管问题.