肺缺血/再灌注损伤与程序性细胞死亡

肺缺血／再灌注损伤（pulmonary ischemia reperfusion injury，PIRI）在临床工作中时有发生，并且后果非常严重。最近研究表明程序性细胞死亡（pmgmmmed cell death，PCD）在其中起着重要的作用。与细胞坏死一样，PCD对肺组织造成严重的危害。有效地预防PCD的发生，将会增加PIRI的治愈率。     

两种不同晶体液预扩容对剖宫产术后炎性反应的影响

目的探讨两种不同晶体液预扩容对剖宫产术产妇术后炎性反应的影响。方法选择择期剖宫产产妇60例,随机双盲分为复方乳酸钠组(RL组)和复方醋酸钠组(RA组),每组30例。麻醉前10 ml/kg晶体液预扩容,输液速率15~20 ml·kg-1·h-1。取左侧卧位行腰-硬联合麻醉。术中持续输入相应晶体液。分别在开始输液时(T1)、手术结束时(T2)、手术后4 h(T3)、24 h(T4)抽取静脉血,检测产妇血清中IL-6、TNF-α和CRP水平。结果 T1、T4时两组产妇CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义。T2、T3时RA组CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显高于RL组(P0.05)。结论复方醋酸钠导致产妇术后炎性因子释放的作用明显强于复方乳酸钠。     

异丙酚对肺缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肺上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的拟通过观察肺上皮细胞凋亡的变化,探讨异丙酚减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的作用机制。方法雄性SD大鼠136只,随机分为3组:假手术组(S组,n=24)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组,n=56)、异丙酚组(P组,n=56)。I/R组、P组制备大鼠肺原位热缺血模型,缺血1h。P组于缺血前30min静脉输注异丙酚20mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)至再灌注4h。S组除不作缺血处理外,其余处理与I/R组相同。分别于再灌注0.5、1、2、4h随机处死大鼠(S组每个时点处死6只,I/R组、P组每个时点分别处死14只大鼠),每组每个时点的一半大鼠用于测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中中性粒细胞百分比、蛋白浓度,另外一半大鼠用于测定肺组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、湿,干重比(W/D)及肺上皮细胞凋亡指数(TUNEL法),并在光镜下观察肺组织的病理学改变;I/R组、P组肺上皮细胞凋亡指数与W/D进行直线相关分析。结果与S组相比,I/R组和P组再灌注各时点BALF中中性粒细胞百分比、蛋白浓度及肺组织MDA含量、W/D、肺上皮细胞凋亡指数均增加(P<0.05或0.01);与I/R组比较,P组上述指标均降低(P<0.05或0.01),肺组织病理学损伤减轻;I/R组、P组肺上皮细胞凋亡指数与W/D之间的相关系数分别为0.784、0.830(P<0.01)。结论异丙酚抑制肺上皮细胞凋亡可能是减轻大鼠肺缺血再灌注损伤的机制之一。     

Preventive effect of gastrodin on cognitive decline after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A double-blind, randomized controlled study

Cognitive decline is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB),but as such no pharmacological therapy has been shown to be efficacious in preventing the decline.However,gastrodin has been shown to have multi-pharmacological effects on neurological functions.We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that gastrodin would potentially prevent CPB-associated neurocognitive decline.We randomly assigned 200 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery to receive either gastrodin(40 mg/kg) or saline after the induction of anesthesia and subsequently evaluated cognitive function before surgery,at discharge,and at 3rd month after surgery by using a battery of five neurocognitive tests,or adverse effects of gastrodin postoperatively.Neurocognitive decline in postoperative function was defined as a drop of 1 SD or more in the scores on tests of any one of the four domains of cognitive function.Cognitive decline occurred in 9% of the patients in the gastrodin group in contrast to 42% in the control group(P<0.01) at discharge.Cognitive outcome could be determined at 3rd month in 87 patients in the gastrodin group and 89 in the control group.Cognitive decline was detected in 6% in the gastrodin group and 31% in the control group(P<0.01).The incidences of possible adverse effects were similar between two groups.These results indicate that gastrodin is an effective and a safe drug for the prevention of neurocognitive decline in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery with CPB.