两种内固定方法在老年人股骨粗隆间骨折的应用研究

目的 探讨比较锁定钢板（locking compression plate,LCP）和股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail anti-rotation,PFNA）治疗老年人股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析笔者医院骨科中心2008年2月～2011年11月收治的老年人股骨粗隆间骨折83例,并根据不同的手术方法将其分为两组：PFNA内固定组42例,LCP内固定组41例.采用Harris功能评分、手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、骨折愈合时间及相关并发症的发生率等进行统计学分析,以评价两种术式的疗效.结果 随访17 ～33个月（平均23个月）后根据Harris评分标准,PFNA组较LCP组无明显差异,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但PFNA组较LCP组术中出血量少、手术时间少,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 LCP和PFNA均是治疗老年人股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法,相对而言PFNA更加适合老年人群的股骨粗隆间骨折.     

双侧全膝关节置换后下肢深静脉血栓形成与高血压的关系

背景:下肢深静脉血栓是人工全膝关节置换后的严重并发症之一,若不能及时妥当地诊断及处理会引起患者病情迁延不愈,甚至血栓脱落造成肺栓塞,危及患者生命。目前国内外研究并未确定有高血压病的患者行全膝关节置换后会增加下肢深静脉血栓的发生率。目的:观察高血压是否会影响双侧人工全膝关节置换后患者下肢深静脉血栓的发生率。方法:回顾性分析2010年9月至2014年3月新疆医科大学第一附属医院关节外科因膝骨关节炎行双侧全膝关节置换患者的病历资料,根据患者是否合并有高血压,将其分为高血压组与对照组。在置换后通过彩色多普勒超声检查,诊断患者全膝关节置换后是否发生下肢深静脉血栓。比较两组间下肢深静脉血栓的发生率是否有差异,分析高血压与下肢深静脉血栓的关系。结果与结论:共纳入525例患者,高血压组219例,对照组306例。全膝关节置换后20例患者发生下肢深静脉血栓,发生率为3.8%,其中高血压组发生下肢深静脉血栓13例(2.5%),对照组发生下肢深静脉血栓7例(1.3%)。通过卡方检验分析,高血压组全膝关节置换后发生下肢深静脉血栓的风险是对照组患者的2.7倍,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。提示术前患有高血压病患者行全膝关节置换,其置换后下肢深静脉血栓发病率高于术前血压正常患者。     

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折22例临床分析

目的:探讨儿童陈旧性陈孟氏骨折的成因和手术治疗经验。方法:总结2002年1月～2006年12月间22例儿童陈旧性陈孟氏骨折病史和手术治疗经验。结果:桡骨头脱位漏诊16例,桡骨头复位再次脱位4例,忽略并发骨间背侧神经损伤2例。根据Macky等功能评定标准:优45.45%,良45.45%,差9.1%。结论:仔细询问患儿病史及体检、正确的X片拍摄阅片和重视桡骨头脱位是预防陈旧性儿童孟氏骨折的有效方法;术中纠正尺骨短缩畸形、桡骨头正确复位、不进行环状韧带重建、术后适宜康复训练可获得良好的疗效。     

关节假体周围感染患者血清学指标未达诊断阈值的影响因素分析

目的探讨关节假体周围感染(periprosthetic joint infection,PJI)患者血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)不符合2011版美国肌肉骨骼感染协会(Musculoskeletal Infection Society,MSIS)诊断标准的影响因素。方法2011年12月至2019年12月因PJI住院治疗的患者328例,男152例、女176例,年龄(62.10±13.74)岁(范围24~87岁);膝关节172例(52.4%),髋关节151例(46.0%),肘关节4例(1.2%),肩关节1例(0.3%)。所有患者均于术前或应用抗生素前行CRP和ESR检测,PJI的诊断采用2011版MSIS诊断标准:CRP≥10 mg/L且ESR≥30 mm/1 h。将患者根据Tsukayama分型、病原体类型及免疫状态等进行分组,比较不同组别患者CRP和ESR不符合MSIS标准(即未达诊断阈值)的发生率。结果119例(36.3%,119/328)CRP或ESR实测值不符合MSIS诊断标准。Tsukayama分型组间不符合率的差异无统计学意义(χ^2=7.224,P=0.065);培养结果阴性组不符合率为46.4%,高于培养阳性组的27.4%(χ^2=12.276,P<0.001);免疫A级组不符合率为42.9%,高于免疫B级组的30.6%和C级组的23.8%(χ^2=6.586,P=0.037)。Logistic回归分析结果提示,培养结果阳性患者发生不符合标准的风险是培养阴性患者的0.420倍(P=0.001);免疫B级患者出现不符合标准现象的风险是免疫A级患者的0.578倍(P=0.040)。结论免疫状态好及培养结果阴性的PJI患者更容易出现血清学指标未达诊断阈值的现象,诊断时应特别注意综合其他指标,以防漏诊。     

双钢板治疗复杂pilon骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨双钢板内固定治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法对2009年1月-2011年3月21例Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折采用胫骨远端双钢板内固定,观察并评价踝关节功能。结果患者术后获8～30个月随访。无骨折延迟愈合及畸形愈合。参照Tometta et al评价标准评价踝关节功能:优18例,良2例,可1例。结论采用双钢板夹持内固定治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折,固定牢靠,有利于踝关节的早期无负重功能锻炼。     

全髋关节置换术治疗石骨症性髋关节骨关节炎3例

石骨症, 又称大理石骨病、粉笔样骨、先天性骨硬化症等, 是一种因破骨细胞形成和功能缺陷引起骨量增加的遗传病, 具有骨密度增加、骨骼畸形等特征[1]。石骨症非常罕见, 北美人群中患病率约为1︰500 000[2], 而我国尚未报道明确的患病率[3]。石骨症常合并骨折和骨关节炎[4], 目前建议患有髋部骨折或髋骨关节炎的石骨症患者接受髋关节置换术, 以避免骨折愈合不良、继发性骨关节炎或股骨头坏死的发生[2, 5, 6, 7], 迄今为止有关该疾病的手术经验有限。与健康人相比, 石骨症患者具有骨质硬度大、脆性高、髓腔狭窄闭塞等特点, 因此, 石骨症行髋关节置换术具有更高的挑战性, 术中和术后易出现并发症, 如假体周围骨折、假体松动及假体周围感染等[8], 最终需行人工髋关节翻修术。     

全膝关节置换手术前后关节液白细胞计数和多形核细胞比例的变化

目的:探讨初次全膝关节置换术后关节液白细胞（white blood cell,WBC）计数和多形核细胞（polymorphonuclear cells,PMN）比例的变化趋势及其临床意义。方法:纳入2021年4月至2021年7月接受初次全膝关节置换术的59例（92膝）患者,男13例（20膝）、女46例（72膝）,年龄（...     

全膝关节初次单侧表面置换与双侧同时置换术后并发症的比较分析

Objective To compare postoperative complications in patients firstly undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty (UTAK) and simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA) .Methods From November 2006 to November 2009, 339 patients underwent primary UTAK and SBTKA in our hospital and followed up. The UTKA group had 178 patients (50 men and 128 women) who were aged from 26 to 81 years (mean, 64. 2 years) and a mean American Knee Society Score (KSS) of 34. 0 ± 13. 3points before surgery. The SBTKA group had 161 patients (32 men and 129 women) who were aged from 34 to 80 years (mean, 65. 3 years) and a mean KSS of 33. 4 ± 11. 1 points before surgery. The postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to KSS system. Results The patients were followed for 18. 4 months on average (range, 3 months to 3 years) . The incidence of postoperative complications was 6. 2% (11/178) in the UTKA group and 4. 3% (7/161) in the SBTKA group, with no significant difference (x2 =0. 564, P = 0. 453) . The KSS score at the final follow-up was all increased in both groups. It was 92. 5 ± 10. 6 in the UTKA group and 91. 9 ± 11. 1 in the SBTKA group, with no significant difference (t =0.511, P = 0.610). Conclusions SBTKA is not an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Careful operative preparation and assessment, good surgical skills, comprehensive postoperative monitoring and supporting management, and proper rehabilitation can significantly reduce complications following SBTKA. But for a patient who has been complicated with multiple internal diseases, SBTKA decision should not be made before a careful tolerance assessment of the patient.     

两种石膏固定治疗老年人桡骨远端骨折的疗效评价

目的 在桡骨远端骨折保守治疗中,可以采用肘上石膏固定或者肘下石膏固定,本研究的主要目的是探讨两种不同的固定方式对老年人桡骨远端骨折保守治疗效果的差异.方法 本研究的患者来源于本院急诊科,共有82名年龄在55岁以上(55-90岁)的桡骨远端骨折患者接受了治疗.这些患者根据随机数法分为两组,一组行骨折复位肘上石膏固定(A组...     

一期翻修术治疗全膝关节置换术后感染

目的 报告全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后感染一期翻修术的方法,分析其近期随访疗效.方法 2005年4月至2009年12月施行TKA术后感染一期翻修术22例,其中资料完整的随访6个月以上的患者16例,男5例,女11例;年龄49～75岁,平均65岁.均明确诊断为单侧TKA术后关节腔内感染.慢性感染(Ⅲ型)14例,迟发血源性感染(Ⅳ型)2例.术前美国膝关节协会评分(Knee Society Score,KSS)的功能评分平均为(37.25±16.23)分.翻修距初次手术时间为2～73个月,平均23.9个月.术中彻底清除肉芽坏死组织及瘢痕,用碘伏浸泡伤口,脉冲冲洗.14例骨缺损严重者采用带延长柄髁限制型假体,2例采用表面假体,抗生素骨水泥固定.结果 随访6～59个月,平均25个月.1例手术失败,分析原因可能与清创不彻底有关,8个月后行二期再翻修.1例于术后9个月出现局部疼痛,红细胞沉降率和C反应蛋白增高,经抗生素治疗1个月后疼痛消失,实验室检查恢复正常.其余14例在随访期间均无感染复发或再感染.末次随访时KSS功能评分平均(85.88±12.85)分,患者满意率87.5%(KSS功能评分75分以上,14/16).结论 对TKA术后感染患者行一期翻修术,经术中彻底清创,牢固固定假体及正确使用抗生素,术后平均2年的随访疗效良好,具有治疗周期短、费用低的特点,患者满意度高.但其中长期结果还需进一步随访观察.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the short term clinical results of single-stage revision for infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Twenty-two unilateral infected TKA were revised through onestage implant exchange using antibiotics loaded cement from April 2005 to December 2009. Sixteen patients who were followed up at least 6 months were included in this study. There were 5 male and 11 female with the mean age of 65 years old (range 49 to 75) in this group. Fourteen patients were diagnosed as late chronic infection (＞ 4 weeks) and 2 cases as hematogenous spread delayed infection. The average Knee Society Score (KSS) functional score was 37.25±16.23. The average time from primary arthroplasty to revision was 23.9months (range 2 to 73). During the operation, the inflammatory, necrotic and scar tissue must be removed radically. Constrained condyle knee (CCK) prosthesis with stem were used in 14 cases with severe bone loss and primary prosthesis were used in 2 cases. All cases were fixed with antibiotics-loaded cement. Results All cases were followed up for the average 25 months (range 6 to 59 months), Infection recurred in one case who had to undergo another two-stage revision. One case who complained of local knee pain with elevated ESR and CRP 9 months postoperatively responded to appropriate one-month course of antibiotic therapy. The average KSS functional score was 85.88±12.85 and the satisfactory rate was 87.5% at last follow-up. Conclusion Good outcomes can be reached by radical debridement, correct choice of implant, careful perioperative management, and effective antibiotics in single-stage revision for infected TKA.