微创冠状动脉旁路移植术处理前降支病变的围术期结果

目的研究胸腔镜辅助下经左胸小切口微创直视下冠状动脉旁路移植术(minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting,MIDCAB)处理前降支病变的围术期结果及其安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年5月至2018年10月在我院接受MIDCAB 92例患者的临床资料,其中男72例(78.26%),年龄42~78(61.29±7.48)岁,女20例(21.74%),年龄30~80(61.30±12.26)岁。分析围术期并发症发生率、血制品使用情况、左心功能变化情况、呼吸机使用时间、住ICU时间及住院时间等指标。结果2例(2.17%)患者中转正中开胸手术,5例(5.43%)术中输入血液制品,2例(2.17%)二次开胸止血,4例(4.34%)术后低氧血症,1例(1.08%)再次气管插管。呼吸机使用时间3~227(22.35±35.39)h,住ICU时间16~777(78.85±108.62)h,术后住院时间2~36(8.86±6.05)d。住院死亡1例(1.08%)。结论MIDCAB处理前降支病变具有较好的围术期结果,尤其适用于孤立性前降支病变,可缩短术后呼吸机使用时间、减少血液制品使用、缩短住ICU时间及住院时间。     

Surgical incision in complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement

Background Prosthetic mitral valve replacement is a common surgical treatment of mitral valve disease.Complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement represents the contemporary minimally invasive cardiac surgery in valve disease surgical therapy. In the field of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, the success of the operation is largely depending on surgical incision, it also reflects the surgeon's technique level. Method From February 2010 to February 2013, 80 cases of cardiac patients with mitral valve pathological changes in our department who had received surgical treatment of complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement were recruited, they were divided into two groups according to the surgical incision: midclavicular group(M group,n = 50) and parasternal group(P group, n = 30). The clinical data were recorded including: cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamping time, volume of thoracic drainage after operation, ICU tracheal intubation time,postoperative days of hospital stay and time for observing the postoperative complications. The comparison between two groups was performed using t-test analysis. Result Both M Group and P Group had favorable surgical view, there were no emergency situation of redo median sternotomy during initial operative period or intraoperative death, no pericardial tamponade, no infection, and no other serious postoperative complications.Whereas, there were 2 cases of redo operation for stanch bleeding in M Group and 1 case of perivalvular leakage in P Group. Nevertheless, 3 months later, the result of reexamine showed that the perivalvular leakage had vanished. The clinical data was shown as follow(M Group vs. P Group): cardiopulmonary bypass time(90.2 ± 28.7 vs. 87.3 ± 24.5 min, P 0.05), aortic clamping time(65.2 ± 17.4 vs. 68.6 ± 21.9 min, P 0.05),1st day volume of thoracic drainage after operation 1(75.8 ± 35.6 vs. 53.2 ± 25.6 mL, P 0.05), ICU tracheal intubation time(9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 4.5 hours, P 0.05), postoperative days of hospital stay(7.3 ± 2.2 vs. 6.9± 3.2 days, P 0.05). T-test analysis of the data of each groups showed that there were no significant statistically difference. Conclusions Appropriate surgical incisions guarantee a favorable surgical view and the success of the whole process during intraoperative period. In both midclavicular and parasternal approaches, the complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement is able to be accomplished safely and successfully. Due to the current development level of thoracoscopic instruments and equipment, the surgical incision and approach for video-assisted mitral valve replacement are diversified. As a result, diversified surgical incisions can be customized according to the variegated pathological changes of cardiac patients.     

Bleeding from thermistor connector indicates entrapment of pulmonary artery catheter

Several complications of insertion and use of pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), including catheter entrapment, are recognized during or after cardiac surgery. Early detection is very important. We report a case of PAC entrapment because the the catheter was accidentally sutured to the superior vena cava. Bleeding from the thermistor connector was initially detected after surgery because the needle punctured the lumen of thermistor connector. The PAC was removed through re-exploration. Therefore, bleeding from the thermistor connector could early indicate the PAC entrapment. We suggest that abnormal bleeding from the non-injectate lumen ports of PAC should be checked before sternal closure.     

曲马多与芬太尼用于全麻诱导对患者呼吸循环的影响

目的比较曲马多、芬太尼用于全麻诱导对患者呼吸、循环的影响.方法 20例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级在全身麻醉下行择期手术的患者随机分为两组(n=10):曲马多组(T组)和芬太尼组(F组).T组诱导时静注曲马多 3 mg/kg,F组静注芬太尼 3 μg/kg,随后静注咪唑安定及琥珀胆碱后行气管插管控制呼吸.术中监测HR,SBP,DBP,MAP及SpO2,并监测肌松药应用前的呼吸频率(RR)、分钟通气量(VE)及呼气末二氧化碳(PETCO2).结果①与诱导前值相比,曲马多静注后3 min,VE,RR,SpO2和PETCO2变化不显著;芬太尼静注3 min,RR逐渐下降23.6%(P<0.05),VE下降49.9%(P<0.01),SpO2下降,最低降至79%(P<0.05).②曲马多静注3 min内,SBP上升10.4%,DBP上升10.6%,MAP上升10.8%,与注药前相比差异有显著性(P<0.05).芬太尼静注 3 min,血压变化不大(P>0.05),而心率下降(P<0.01).插管后即刻:T组较诱导前SBP上升31%(P<0.01),DBP上升35.2%(P<0.01),MAP上升31%(P<0.01),HR上升14%(P<0.01);F组血压与诱导前值比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).插管前后T组与F组之间血压变化幅度差异有显著性(P<0.01).结论曲马多对呼吸无抑制作用,但不能抑制气管插管时的心血管反应.芬太尼能抑制气管插管时的心血管反应,但有呼吸抑制作用.     

胸段硬膜外镇痛对先天性动脉导管未闭术后高血压反应的影响

目的 探讨胸段硬膜外镇痛（TEA）减轻先天性动脉导管未闭（PDA）术后高血压反应的临床效应。方法 48例PDA手术病人,随机分为对照组（C组,n=22）和试验组（TEA组,n=26）。C组术中应用静吸复合全麻,术后疼痛时间断肌肉注射哌替啶;TEA组术中应用硬膜外阻滞复合全麻,术后硬膜外镇痛。结果 C组PDA结扎后血压显著升高（P<0.05）,18例需用血管扩张剂治疗;TEA组术后血压升高不明显（P>0.05）,仅2例需用血管扩张剂治疗,且组间差异明显（P<0.05）。结论 胸段硬膜外镇痛能有效地控制PDA术后的高血压反应。     

肢体远隔缺血预处理对胸腔镜体外循环心脏手术的肺保护作用

目的:探讨肢体远隔缺血预处理对胸腔镜体外循环心脏手术的肺保护作用及其机制。方法 :胸腔镜体外循环心脏手术患者81例,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,随机分为试验组(给予肢体远隔缺血预处理,n=41)和对照组(不给予肢体远隔缺血预处理,n=40)。采集患者术中及术后临床指标,分别在手术开始前、手术结束后6、24 h采集桡动脉血检测氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:两组患者术后机械通气时间试验组小于对照组,组内比较术后6、24 h血浆TNF-α、IL-6、MDA水平明显高于手术开始时的水平,术后6、24 h PaO2/FiO2明显低于手术开始时的水平;但是组间比较术后6、24 h血浆TNF-α、IL-6、MDA水平试验组低于对照组,术后6、24 h PaO2/FiO2试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肢体远隔缺血预处理对胸腔镜体外循环心脏手术中肺损伤具有一定的保护作用,是一种简单、有效的肺保护方法。     

Transesophageal echocardiography as a quality control tool in thoracoscopic cardiac surgery:4-years' experience

Background The utilization value of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery is more and more important. However,the role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on quality control during thoracoscopic cardiac surgery has not been comprehensively studied. Methods A retrospective study of transesophageal echocardiography application on patients underwent thoracoscopic cardiac surgery from2012 to 2015 was conducted in a single cardiovascular center. General anesthesia and peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass were standardized for all patients. All procedures were performed through 3 holes made in the right chest wall. Transesophageal echocardiography monitoring was routinely utilized in each patient. Results A total of 1387 patients underwent thoracoscopic cardiac surgery were involved in the study. The mean age of patients was 42.8±15.3 years with a female predominance(60.6%). The most common procedures were mitral valve replacement(n=507,36.6%),atrial septal defect repair(n=425,30.6%),and mitral valve plasty(n=294,21.2%). Other main procedures included correction of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection,cor triatriatum,ventricular septal defect or partial atrioventricular canal,removal of left or right atrial myxoma,and tricuspid valve plasty or replacement. Transesophageal echocardiography monitoring was useful at every stage of surgery without any major associated complications. Forty-four patients(3.2%)required surgical re-interventions immediately following transesophageal echocardiography evaluation. The reasons included unsatisfactory valve plasty,paravalvular leak,prosthetic dysfunction and residual shunting. The incidence of surgical re-intervention,as well as the mortality,decreased annually with increased surgical volume. Conclusions Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography plays an important role in the quality control of thoracoscopic cardiac surgery.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20(2):69-78]     

胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术的麻醉管理

目的 总结胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术的麻醉管理经验。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至12月在广东省人民医院行胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术患者的麻醉及围术期处理的相关资料。结果2011年我院共行胸腔镜辅助小切口或全胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术85例,其中男30例,女55例,年龄（42．5±15．2）岁。手术类型包括：房间隔缺损修补术20例,同期三尖瓣成形术15例;左心房黏液瘤摘除术7例;二尖瓣成形术8例：二尖瓣置换术50例,同期三尖瓣成形术19例、心房颤动射频消融术5例、房间隔缺损修补术2例及左心房血栓清除术1例。麻醉均采用静吸复合全身麻醉,左侧双腔气管插管单肺通气,经皮上腔静脉插管、股动静脉插管建立外周体外循环,体外循环时间（151．8±63．6）min,心肌血运阻断时间（92．1±43．7）min。全组患者术后并发症8例（9．4％）,死亡1例。结论良好的单肺隔离通气、充分的静脉引流以及完善的术中监测有利于手术的顺利进行,维持血流动力学平稳和避免缺血、缺氧可以减少围术期并发症,是胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术麻醉管理的重点。     

胸部硬膜外镇痛及其交感神经阻滞作用对动脉导管未闭术后高血压反应的影响

Table１PostoperativeanalegsiaVASscoreoftwogroups（x±s）HypertensionisthemostcommonpostoperativecomplicationofPDA，itcanleadtohypertensioncrisis．PostoperativehypertensionofPDAisusuallytreatedbyhigh－effectangiotenic－sodiumnitro－prusside．Clinicalobservationshows：whenpatientssufferseverepainafteroperation，bloodpressureincreasesmoreapparentlyandneedincreaseamountofdepressor．Itcaninfluenceeffectofde－pressor．SowetrytoalleviatepostoperativehypertensionofPDAbythoracicepiduralanalgesiaa…