全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节骨性强直的疗效及术后康复锻炼的意义.方法 1998年10月至2007年5月,对28例(46髋)强直性脊柱炎致髋关节骨性强直患者施行全髋关节置换术,男27例,女1例;年龄22～58岁,平均38.9岁;病程5～35年,平均17年2个月;髋关节屈曲强直7例(14髋),伸直强直21例(32髋).采用髋关节后外侧切口34髋,改良前外侧与外侧联合切口12髋;其中应用全生物型假体40髋,混合型假体6髋.术后24 h即开始进行系统性康复锻炼.对手术前、后患者Harris评分、VAS评分、髋关节总活动度及患者整体功能改善情况进行比较.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间10～64个月,平均38.2个月,随访期间未发生坐骨神经或股神经麻痹、皮肤压疮、肺部感染、关节松动等并发症.1例患者术后2周出现髋关节脱位,经闭合复位治愈.8髋出现异位骨化,其中Brooker Ⅰ级6髋,Ⅱ级2髋.7例髋关节屈曲强直患者,屈曲角度由术前34.3°±16.3°改善为术后4.2°±3.3±.Harris评分由术前平均(28.3±10.3)分提高至术后平均(82.7±7.6)分.VAS评分:术前(3.5±1.4)分,术后(3.8±1.8)分.髋关节总活动度由术前平均15.6°±9.3°改善至术后133.7°±17.6°.术前28例患者生活均不能自理;术后1年,除3例患者行走时仍需借用单拐、生活需他人帮助外,其余25例患者生活均可自理,并可从事家务或轻体力劳动.结论 全髋关节置换术是治疗强直性脊柱炎晚期严重髋关节病变的一种有效方法,早期系统康复锻炼有助于关节功能的恢复.     

带锁髓内钉的术后并发症

对于长骨骨折 ,1940年著名德国骨科专家Ｋ櫣ｎｔｓｃｈｅｒ设计了股骨干髓内钉 ,成为治疗的重大转折点 ,提高了骨折的治愈率。但普通髓内钉存在一定的局限性 ,Ｋｌｅｍｍ和Ｓｃｈｅｌｌ ｍａｎｎ于 196 8年发明了带锁髓内钉 ,既保留了原髓内钉的优点 ,又克服了其应用缺陷提高了实用性 ,使得带锁髓内钉广泛应用在股骨自大转子至股骨髁上区域及胫骨自胫骨结节至踝上区域之间的骨折 ,甚至还可应用于肱骨干骨折。带锁髓内钉通过骨折近端及远端的锁钉 ,不但具有稳定的轴向固定 ,而且具有更好的抗扭转力 ,保证了骨折的稳定 ,有利于骨折后正常生理…     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

固定衬垫式和活动衬垫式全膝人工关节置换术后随访4．5年以上的对比性研究

背景：低接触应力旋转平台（活动衬垫式）和Insall Burstein-Ⅱ型（固定衬垫式）全膝人工关节假体各自独立的长期稳定性已有报道，但我们尚未见有关这两种假体的中长期随访及对比性研究。 方法：对32例双侧膝关节畸形和术前活动范围均相似的膝关节炎患者进行了前瞻性评估，患者同意一侧膝关节行活动衬垫全膝关节置换，另一侧膝关节行固定衬垫全膝关节置换。术后平均随访6年，使患者、医生和观测者的相关干扰降至最小，对两种假体进行对比分析，项目包括临床和X线片结果、生存率和并发症发生率。 结果：术后骨关节炎患者的功能评分和活动范围好于类风湿性关节炎患者。然而，对患者在膝关节协会评分、屈曲范围、主观表现或髌股并发症发生率等方面进行评估，没有发现活动衬垫式假体比固定衬垫式假体更好。X线片显示两者在假体排列上没有差异。两例使用活动衬垫式假体的膝关节需要再次手术，其中1例因衬垫脱位而需要早期翻修，另1例因深部感染而进行关节融合。 结论：我们发现中期随访患者的临床表现显示，活动衬垫式全膝关节置换术并不比固定衬垫式全膝人工关节置换术具有更多的优点。活动衬垫式假体发生假体脱位和半脱位的危险性应给予重视，在发生脱位后要早期进行翻修。 可信水平：治疗性研究，Ⅱ级，进一步可信度参见作者介绍。     

自体松质骨和骨髓间充质干细胞联合移植治疗家兔股骨头缺血性坏死的实验研究

目的:探讨自体松质骨和骨髓间充质干细胞联合移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的可能机制,为该方法应用于临床提供依据.方法:兔龄4～5个月的新西兰大耳白兔24只,雌雄不限,随机分为2组,每组12只.采用液氮冷冻股骨头负重区的方法造成股骨头缺血坏死模型后,A组进行自体松质骨移植,B组进行自体松质骨和骨髓间充质干细胞联合移植.每组术后2、4、6、8周分别处死3只动物,制作股骨头标本,进行X线检查和组织学观察,并对术后8周的股骨头标本进行扫描电镜观察.结果:①X线观察结果.A组术后2周时,有2个标本钻孔区密度不均匀,钻孔边缘清晰可见;4周时,有3个标本钻孔区密度增高不显著,钻孔边缘出现硬化线;6周时有4个标本钻孔区显示有骨吸收现象,出现股骨头关节面塌陷;8周时有3个标本骨吸收现象明显,而骨小梁结构不清晰.B组术后2周,股骨头形态均正常,钻孔区有密度增高影,质地均匀,钻孔边缘尚可分辨;4周时股骨头形态均正常,钻孔区密度进一步升高,质地均匀,钻孔边缘变得模糊;6周时股骨头形态仍正常,钻孔区密度高而均匀,钻孔边缘出现放射状骨小梁接合现象;8周时钻孔区密度接近周围骨质,股骨头内出现张力性和压力性骨小梁,钻孔边缘交界区骨小梁接合良好.②组织学观察结果.A组术后2周时,移植骨发生坏死,4个标本出现再血管化,移植区出现破骨和成骨细胞,成骨细胞的数目较少,移植骨周围附加新生骨较薄,有少量连接现象;另2个标本局部新生血管较少,成骨细胞募集不良,新生骨组织的形成较少,无连接现象.术后4周时,3个标本新生骨增加,连接现象增多,出现骨塑形;另3个标本移植骨无明显修复现象.术后6周时,有2个标本新生骨量增加,有骨塑形现象;另4个标本移植骨无明显修复表现,出现骨吸收现象.术后8周时,3个标本可见到塑形的板层骨小梁和成熟的骨髓组织;另3个标本出现较明显的骨吸收现象,局部仍有坏死骨组织存在,无明显的骨组织修复现象.B组术后2周时,植入的松质骨发生坏死,出现局部再血管化,破骨细胞和大量的成骨细胞出现在移植区,植入的松质骨被边缘生成的1层较厚的新生骨连接在一起;4周时骨小梁增粗变大,连接进一步加强,并出现骨髓组织;6周时骨塑形现象活跃;8周时骨塑形现象仍然存在,可以见到塑形的板层骨小梁和成熟的骨髓组织.③扫描电镜观察结果.术后8周时,A组有3个标本在扫描电镜下显示移植骨保持原有骨小梁结构,部分骨小梁出现虫蚀样破坏.B组标本在扫描电镜下显示,骨小梁密集,骨髓腔间隙较小,力学结构欠完善,骨胶原纤维排列不均匀、不整齐.结论:自体松质骨和骨髓间充质干细胞联合移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死,细胞移植为股骨头的骨质修复提供了充足的骨髓间充质干细胞,骨修复现象活跃,可提高骨移植的成功率,促进股骨头骨组织修复.     

全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎致髋关节强直的疗效及康复锻炼的意义

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for bony ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the significance of postoperative rehabilitation. Meth-ods From October 1998 to May 2007, 28 patients (46 hips) suffered from ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis underwent THA. There were 27 males, 1 female, with the mean age of 38.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). Posterior lateral hip incision was performed in 34 hips, and modified anterior lateral combined with lateral hip incision in 12 hips. Forty hips applied cementless THA and 6 hips applied mixed THA. Har-ris scores, VAS scores and total hip range of motion in all patients were compared pre-and postoperatively to evaluate the clinical effects. Results All patients were followed up from 10 months to 64 months, with the mean time of 38.2 months. No paralysis, decubitus, and lung infection were found. Joint dislocation hap-pened in 1 case 2 weeks after operation, and was cured with close reduction. Heterotopic bone formation with Brooker Ⅰ was found in 6 hips and Brooker Ⅱ in 2 hips. Harris score increased from 28.3±10.3 preop-eratively to 82.7±7.6 postoperatively. VAS score changed from 3.5±1.4 preoperatively to 3.8±1.8 postopera-tively, and no significance was found. The hip movement range increased from 15.6°±9.3° preoperatively to 133.7°±17.6° postoperatively. Bony ankylosis in all patients disappeared and the hip function improved sig-nificantly after operation. Conclusion THA is the optimal method to treat the ankylosing spondylitis with hip bony ankylosis. Early rehabilitation is necessary to improve hip function.     

强直性脊柱炎的手术治疗及康复

强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis，AS）是一种慢性、进行性，中轴关节受累的关节病变，主要影响骨盆的骶髂关节、脊柱关节和椎旁组织，全美国约有35万患者，全球发病率高达0，9％。强直性脊柱炎好发于青壮年，晚期可导致髋关节骨性强直，且一些患者处于非功能位强直，丧失劳动力，生活不能自理，需要长期依赖他人生存。如何使患者尽快缓解疼痛，恢复关节活动度，回归社会是骨科医师面临的问题。本文就此问题进行回顾性文献复习，