围术期输注利多卡因对食管癌患者术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨围术期输注利多卡因对食管癌患者术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 收集2020年1月至2020年12月我院80例食管癌患者,随机分配接受利多卡因输注(观察组40例)和接受相同剂量的0.9％氯化钠溶液(对照组40例),对比两组患者术后24 h舒芬太尼自控镇痛情况以及术后2、4、8、12、24hVAS疼痛评分、Ramsay...     

不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道在其中的作用

目的 探讨不同浓度七氟醚预处理对大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡的影响及线粒体ATP敏感型钾通道(mito-KATP通道)在其中的作用.方法 新生(出生＜24 h)SD大鼠,雌雄不拘,体重5～6 g,原代培养海马神经元,接种于培养孔或培养皿中,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为7组,每组48孔和12皿,正常对照组(C组):不予任何处理;缺氧复氧组(HR组):缺氧4 h复氧24 h;6%七氟醚预处理组(S1 组)、4%七氟醚预处理组(S2 组)、2%七氟醚预处理组(S3 组):分别经6%、4%、2%七氟醚预处理后行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L预处理组(5-HD组):经mito-KATP通道阻断剂5-羟葵酸(终浓度100 μmol/L)预处理后进行缺氧复氧;5-羟葵酸100 μmol/L+6%七氟醚预处理组(5-HD+S组):同时行5-羟葵酸和6%七氟醚预处理后进行缺氧复氧.各组以上处理结束后,测定神经元活力、凋亡率、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达水平.结果 与C组比较,其余6组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与HR组比较,S1组～S3组海马神经元活力增强,细胞凋亡率降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达上调,Bax蛋白表达下调(P＜0.01),5-HD组和5-HD+S组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与S1组比较,S2组、S3组和5-HD+S组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01);与S2组比较,S3组海马神经元活力降低,细胞凋亡率升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bax蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚预处理可抑制大鼠海马神经元缺氧复氧时细胞凋亡,从而减轻神经元损伤,且呈浓度依赖性,机制可能与开放神经元mito-KATP通道,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of preconditioning with different concentrations of sevoflurane on hypoxia-reoxygenation(H/R)-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and the role of mitochondrial KATP(mito-KATP)channels.Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons isolated from newborn SD rats(＜24h)of both sexes,weighing 5-6 g,were randomly divided into 7 groups with 48 wells and 12 dishes in each one:control group(C group),H/R group,preconditioning with 6%,4%and 2% sevoflurane groups(S1-3 groups),5-hydroxydecanoate(5-HD,mito-KATP channel blocker)100 μmol/L preconditioning group(5-HD group)and preconditioning with 5-HD 100 μmol/L+6% sevoflurane group(5-HD+S group).The neurons were exposed to 4 h hypoxia followed by 24 h reoxygenation. In S1-3 groups, preconditioning was performed with 6% , 4% and 2% sevoflurane respectively before H/R. In 5-HD group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD (final concentration 100 μmol/L) before H/R. In 5-HD + S group, preconditioning was performed with 5-HD 100 μmol/L and 6% sevoflurane before H/R. The neuronal viability, apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were determined after 24 h reoxygenation.Results The neuronal viability was significantly lower,while the apoptosis rate and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly higher in the other 6 groups than in group C(P＜0.01).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly higher,while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were lower in S1-3 groups than in group H/R. There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between 5-HD and 5-HD + S groups(P＞0.05).The neuronal viability and expression of Bcl-2 were significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate and Bax expression were higher in S2, S3 and 5-HD + S groups than in group S1, and in group S3 than in group S2(P＜0.0l) .Conclusion Sevoflurane preconditioning can inhibit H/R-induced apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons and reduce the injury to neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, and the underlying mechanism may be related to activation of mito-KATP channels, up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression.     

压力和容量通气模式对肥胖患者腹腔镜手术中呼吸功能的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of pressure -controlled ventilation (PCV) and volume -controlled ventilation (VCV) on obese patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery by evaluating hemodynamics and respiratory parameters, and arterial oxygenation. Methods Forty obese patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly divided into PCV and VCV group (n=20). Patients were all implemented into the program of total intravenous anesthesia, and ventilated with different modes.End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) was maintained between(35-45 ) mm Hg. Arterial blood was collected respectively to analyze blood gas at 5 min before anesthesia (T0), 5 min before the start of pneumoperitoneum (T1),30 min after the start of pneumoperitoneum(T2), 5 min after the end of pneumoperitoneum(T3) and at extubation(T4). Meanwhile, parameters of hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics were monitored and calculated. Results 1 、At T1,T2 and T3, PaO2 and OI (460±78,453±83,463±95)were significantly higher in PCV group (P<0.05), A-aDO2(74±25,80±30,82±26) and RI (0.32±0.08,0.33±0. 10,0.34±0.13 ) was significantly lower (P<0.05) in PCV group. 2. Compared with T0, PaCO2 at T2,T3,T4 in both groups increased significantly and PH decreased significantly (P<0.05); Compared with VCV group, PCV group had no significant difference at each time point. 3. Compared with VCV group, Ppeak(27.8±1.6)in PCV group at T2 was significantly lower(P<0.05). Conclusion The ventilation/perfusion ratio was improved and gas exchange was promoted in obese patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery with PCV model.     

CO2气腹中肾动脉阻力指数和肾血流量的变化

目的 观察CO2气腹中肾动脉阻力指数和肾血流量的变化及二者关系,探讨肾动脉阻力指数在临床监测的意义.方法 择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC术)32例,术中经食管超声心动图分别于气腹前(To),气腹1min(T1)、5 min(T5)、10 min(T10)、15 min(T15)、20 min(T20)、30 min(T30),解除气腹后1 min(TE1)、5 min(TE)测量左肾动脉主干内径(RAD)、左肾动脉主干血流速度(Vs、Vd、Vm)及血流速度时间积分(VTI),计算阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、左肾血流量(LRBF)及左肾血流灌注阻力(LRPR),分析影响RI、PI的相关因素.结果 与T0比较,RI、PI在T1下降(P＜0.05),其余各时点间无明显变化(P＞0.05);LRBF、LRPR在气腹中各时点下降(P＜0.05),解除气腹后5 min恢复(P＞0.05).CO2气腹中,RI、PI与LRBF、LRPR之间无直线相关关系(P＞0.05),与脉压指数(PPI)、心率(HR)之间有直线相关关系(P＜0.05).结论 CO2气腹中肾动脉阻力指数和肾血流量变化没有相关关系,肾动脉阻力指数不能反映肾血流量的变化.     

不同浓度七氟醚对静态膨肺患者心肺转流后肺气体交换的影响

目的评价不同浓度七氟醚静态膨肺对心肺转流(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)后肺气体交换及术后气管留管时间的影响。方法择期行CPB下瓣膜置换手术患者75例,男39例,女36例,年龄22～65岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为三组:每组25例。CPB期间停止呼吸后,予持续静态膨胀,呼吸环路压力维持10cmH2O,膨肺气体采用空气,分别复合吸入1%七氟醚(L组)或2%七氟醚(H组),对照组(N组)不复合吸入七氟醚。分别于切皮前、CPB停机后1、3、6h抽取动脉血行血气分析。计算肺泡-动脉氧分压差[D(A-a)O_2]、呼吸指数(RI)和氧合指数(OI)。记录术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间。结果与切皮前比较,CPB停机后1、3、6h三组D(A-a)O_2、RI明显升高(P0.05);CPB停机后1h三组OI明显降低(P0.05)。三组不同时点D(A-a)O_2、RI和OI差异无统计学意义。三组CPB停机后1、3、6h发生OI300mmHg的比例、术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间差异无统计学意义。结论心脏瓣膜置换手术CPB期间,静态膨肺采用10cmH2O压力,复合吸入1%或2%浓度七氟醚,与单纯静态膨肺比较,不能进一步改善CPB后患者肺气体交换,不影响术后气管留管时间和ICU留观时间。     

经食管超声心动图监测腹腔镜手术患者肾血流量的准确性

Objective To determine the accuracy of renal blood flow assessment by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum.Methods The left renal arterial diameter (RAD) and the Doppler velocity time integral (VTI) were measured by TEE before peumoperitoneum (T0, baseline), at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min of pneumoperitoneum and 1 and 5 min after deflation in 35 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The left renal blood flow (LRBF) and the left renal blood perfusion resistance (LRPR) were calculated according to the following formulae: LRBF = 1/4π x RAD2 x VTI x HR, LRPR = MAP/LRBF.Three months later, the TEE images of 10 cases were randomly selected and reviewed by the same and another research team member to check the repeatability and consistency of the LRBF determination during operation, respectively. The quality of the TEE images was evaluated by another specialist.Results Before pneumoperitoneum, 94% of the TEE images were rated as satisfactory. There was no significant difference between the qualities of the TEE images obtained before and during pneumoperitoneum. The variabilities between the RADs measured by TEE during and 3 months after operation were 9.28% by the same team member and 8.71% by another team member. The variabilities between the VTIs measured by TEE during and 3 months after operation were 5.61% by the same team member and 6.25% by another team member. The linear regression analysis of the LRBF showed that the slope and the intercept were 1.05 and 31.4 ml/min respectively by the same member and 0.92 and 47.3 ml/min respectively by another member. The LRBF was decreased during pneumoperitoneum and the LRPR was increased.Conclusion TEE can be used to accurately monitor the changes in renal blood flow during CO2 pneumoperitoneum.     

经食管超声监测心血管术中肾血流的应用研究

目的 探讨心血管术中经食管超声监测肾血流变化的可行性.方法 60例择期行心血管手术的成年患者,分别于体外循环前、体外循环中和停体外循环后.经食管超声采集肾脏二维和多谱勒血流速度图像,检测、计算各个时间点的左肾血流参数.随机抽取10例患者的超声图像,由两人分别在手术当日和术后6月重测左肾血流,计算组内和组间肾血流测量偏差及重测信度.结果 51例患者测得左肾动脉主干血流速度和血管内径,成功率为85%.经食管超声测量左肾血流的组内和组间测量偏差均小于10%,重测信度良好(组内相关系数为0.694～0.997).左肾动脉内径为3.9～4.4 mm,肾动脉平均血流速度27～34 cm/s,左肾血流量205～302 mL/min.结论 经食管超声监测左侧肾血流的可重复性良好,可能成为在心血管术中监测肾血流的有效手段.     

经食管超声心动图监测腹腔镜手术患者肾血流量的准确性

目的探讨CO2气腹时经食管超声心动图（TEE）监测肾血流量的准确性。方法择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）患者35例,术中采用TEE分别于气腹前、气腹1、5、10、15、20、30min、气腹停止后1、5min测定左肾动脉主干内径（RAD）,记录左肾动脉主干血流速度时间积分（VTI）,计算左肾血流量（LRBF）及左肾血流灌注阻力（LRPR）,由一位专门人员在上述各时间点进行超声图像质量评分。3个月后随机抽取10例患者,由同一人员和不同人员对超声图像进行重复测定,分析TEE测定的可重复性和一致性。结果气腹前肾超声图像满意率94%,与气腹前比较,气腹中各时间点超声图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,气腹中RAD、VTI和LRBF降低,LRPR升高（P〈0.05）,气腹停止后恢复（P〉0.05）。RAD和VTI偏差：同一人员分别为9.28%和5.61%,不同人员分别为8.71%和6.25%,两次重复测定RAD和VTI与第1次测定值的直线回归方程的回归系数分别为1.05、0.92,截距分别为31.4、47.3ml/min（P〈0.05）。结论TEE可准确地监测CO2气腹时肾血流量。     

不同年龄患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肾血流量变化的比较

目的 比较不同年龄患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肾血流量的变化.方法 择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者60例,年龄18～75岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,体重48～78 kg,根据年龄分为2组(n=30):中青年组(18～60岁)和老年组(61 ～ 75岁).经口气管插管后置入食管超声探头,分别于气腹前、气腹1、5、10、15、20、30 min、气腹结束后1和5 min时,采用经食管超声心动图测量左肾动脉主干内径(RAD)和血流速度时间积分(VTI),计算左肾血流量(LRAF),记录最大下降时间点,计算最大下降百分比.结果 与气腹前比较,两组气腹各时点和气腹结束后1 min时RAD、VTI和LRAF降低(P＜0.05).与中青年组比较,老年组气腹前LRAF降低,最大下降时间点延迟(P＜0.05),最大下降百分比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 中青年患者和老年患者腹腔镜胆囊手术中肾血流量均发生可逆性下降;老年患者最大下降时间延迟.