基于甜味受体整合中药“效味”和“滋味”探索玉竹甘味药性物质基础

目的 基于甜味受体整合中药“效味”和“滋味”探索玉竹Polygonatum odoratum甘味药性物质基础,为中药药性物质研究提供新视角。方法 以多糖、皂苷、黄酮成分为玉竹甘味药性物质筛选对象,分析其对“阴虚”小鼠体质量、体温、食量、饮水量、大便含水量、皮肤含水量及Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性和水通道蛋白1(aquaporin 1,AQP1)、AQP3 m RNA表达量的影响,基于“效味”探索玉竹甘味药性物质;以典型甘、苦、辛、酸、咸味中药建立中药“五味”标准,利用电子舌技术及主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA),分别比较玉竹多糖、皂苷、黄酮与中药“五味”的欧式距离及投射的区域,基于“滋味”探索玉竹甘味药性物质。将基于“效味”和“滋味”相同的甘味药性物质确定为玉竹甘味药性物质基础,并采用整体动物考察其对胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)分泌的影响,分子对接考察甘味药性物质与甜味受体...     

槲树叶黄酮类化学成分研究

槲树Quercus d entata Thunb.为壳斗科栎属植物,在中国分布有100余种,某些品种作为民间中草药被广泛应用,并且有着悠久的药用历史,《唐本草》以及以后的历代本草都有记载,主要用于治疗痢疾、恶疮等症[1]。槲叶、槲皮、槲实仁均作为药用。国内科研工作者已将槲树叶开发成治疗泌尿系统结石的新药。但是,对该植物的化学成分研究仅见少数报道[2]。本实验从槲树叶中分离纯化得到5种酚性成分,并且通过理化性质分析和光谱解析等手段确定其化学结构分别为:槲皮素(Ⅰ)、槲皮素3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅱ)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、即金丝桃…     

慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗相关问题--《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》部分解读

HBV感染呈世界性流行，但不同地区HBV感染的流行强度差异很大。据世界卫生组织报道，全球约20亿人曾感染过HBV，其中3．5亿人为慢性HBV感染者，每年约有100万人死于HBV感染所致的肝衰竭、肝硬化和原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）。我国属HBV感染高流行区，一般人群的HBsAg阳性率为9．09％。慢性乙型肝炎严重危害人民健康，我国“十一五”规划已将乙型肝炎、艾滋病和血吸虫病首次列入国家重点防治疾病。     

Caprini血栓风险评估量表联合早期康复护理路径对预防脊柱骨折患者术后下肢血栓形成的应用

目的：探讨Caprini血栓风险评估量表联合早期康复护理路径对预防脊柱骨折下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的应用效果。方法：选取2020-06～2021-06至我院就诊的脊柱骨折患者共计96例,按随机分配的方法分为对照组(48例,常规护理)与实验组(48例,Caprini血栓风险评估量表+早期康复护理路径),对比两组DVT与疼痛肿胀发生率、血流速度、血流峰速度、住院时间、下肢肿胀度、SF-36评分。结果：实验组DVT与疼痛肿胀发生率分别为4.17%与10.42%,均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组护理后的血流速度、血流峰速度均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组住院时间短于对照组,下肢肿胀度小于对照组(P<0.05);实验组护理后SF-36各维度评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：脊柱骨折患者术后实施早期康复护理路径的效果显著,结合Caprini量表辨别风险等级,提高护理工作效率。     

Effect of electroacupuncture and herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on anxiety and depression in patients with crohn’s disease in remission

Objective

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion on anxiety and depression in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in remission.

Methods

Sixty CD cases were randomly allocated into an EA group (n=30) and an herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group (n=30) using the random number table by the ratio of 1:1. In addition, 30 healthy subjects were included in a control group. Bilateral Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6) and Zhongwan (CV 12) were used in the EA and herbal cakepartitioned moxibustion groups. The treatment was done 3 times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. The efficacy was evaluated using self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scores.

Results

Before treatment, the SAS and SDS scores in CD patients were remarkably higher than those in healthy subjects. After EA or herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion treatment, the SAS and SDS scores were significantly decreased in both groups, showing significant intra-group differences (P<0.05); the symptom scores of abdominal pain (severity, frequency and duration), bowel sounds/flatus and general fatigue were significantly decreased, showing significant intra-group differences (P<0.05); however, there were no between-group statistical differences (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Both EA and herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion can significantly decrease abnormally high SAS and SDS scores in CD patients as well as TCM symptom scores. The two therapies share similar effects in alleviating common symptoms and improving anxiety and depression.

     

雷公藤甲素阿魏酸醇质体凝胶的制备与经皮渗透性研究

采用改良后的Franz扩散池法,以小鼠腹部皮肤为模型进行体外透皮扩散,收集不同时间点的接收液,用HPLC测定其中阿魏酸的浓度、用LC-MS/MS测定雷公藤甲素的浓度,比较醇质体凝胶、普通凝胶、乳膏3种剂型的透皮速度、透皮量与皮肤储量的差别,以探索雷公藤甲素阿魏酸醇质体凝胶中阿魏酸、雷公藤甲素的体外透皮特性并与普通凝胶组和乳膏组比较。结果,雷公藤甲素阿魏酸醇质体凝胶、普通凝胶和乳膏中阿魏酸稳态透皮速率分别为5.268 5,8.990 9,12.042 0μg·cm~(-2)·h~(-1),皮肤滞留量分别(30.234 8±1.525 4),(20.402 6±0.402 6),(7.635 3±1.094 2)μg·cm~(-2);雷公藤甲素阿魏酸醇质体凝胶中雷公藤甲素的稳态透皮速率为67.238 0 ng·cm~(-2)·h~(-1)约为乳膏的1.24倍,普通凝胶的3.28倍,皮肤滞留量为(371.351 4±35.317 1)ng·cm~(-2)约为乳膏的3.35倍,普通凝胶的5.25倍。故雷公藤甲素阿魏酸醇质体凝胶透皮效果良好,有助于临床安全给药。     

隔药灸对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠黏膜MyD88及TRAF6表达的影响

目的：观察隔药灸对UC大鼠结肠黏膜MyD88与TRAF6表达的影响,探讨隔药灸治疗UC的效应机制。方法：采用免疫学合并局部刺激方法复制实验性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型。将40只SD大鼠随机分为正常组（NC）、模型组（MC）、隔药灸组（HMP）、维柳芬组（SASP）,每组10只。隔药灸组于双侧天枢穴、气海穴施以隔药灸治疗,2壮／穴,1次／d,共8d;维柳芬组以柳氮磺胺吡啶（SASP）溶液灌胃,2次／d,共8d;正常组、模型组大鼠同步饲养,做与各干预组相同的抓取固定。干预结束后,收集结肠组织,免疫组化法检测结肠黏膜MyD88、TRAF6的表达,半定量图像分析。结果：隔药灸可明显改善UC大鼠结肠黏膜损伤程度及病理学评分（P〈0．01）,且与维柳芬作用相当（P〉0．05）;模型大鼠结肠黏膜MyD88与TRAF5的表达较正常大鼠明显增高（P〈0．01）,隔药灸干预后,结肠黏膜MyD88与TRAF6的表达显著降低（P〈0．01）,作用与维柳芬相当（P〉0．05）。结论：调控TLR／MyD88／NF—KB信号转导通路中MyD88、TRAF6的表达是隔药灸调节溃疡性结肠炎结肠黏膜局部过激免疫炎症反应的作用途径之一。     

Comparative study of electroacupuncture and moxibustion in influencing Tianshu (ST 25) regions mast cells in visceral hyperalgesia rats

Objective

To evaluate and compare electroacupunctures (EA) with different parameters and moxibustion at different temperatures influencing the activation of mast cells (MC) in Tianshu (ST 25) regions of visceral hyperalgesia model rats.

Methods

Rats (except for model group) respectively accepted 1 mA or 3 mA EA or moxibustion at 43 °C or 4 °C to stimulate Tianshu (ST 25) points after randomization of the fifty visceral hyperalgesia model rats, and then were compared with that in model and normal groups. Number, degranulation numbers, degranulation rates in Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of rats in each group were observed using toluidine blue staining. Abdominal withdrawl reflex (AWR) score was used to evaluate the rat visceral hyperalgesia reactions.

Results

Compared with the normal group and the model group, MC numbers (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.01), degranulation numbers and degranulation rates (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01) of Tianshu (ST 25) MC in regions tissues in 43 °C and 4 °C moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups all increased significantly. Compared with the model group, AWR scores were significantly lower in 43 °C and 4 °C moxibustion groups, and 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg colorectal distension (CRD) (P<0.05 in 1 mA and 3 mA EA groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, P<0.01 in the other groups). AWR scores in 43 °C and 4 °C oxibustion groups under the stimulation of 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg CRD were not significantly different from those in the normal group (all P>0.05); AWR scores in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg or 80 mmHg were significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01); AWR score in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 0 mmHg was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01), and AWR scores in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 20 mmHg or 80 mmHg were also higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05). AWR scores were higher in 1 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg or 80 mmHg than that in 4 °C moxibustion group (P<0.05); AWR score was higher in 3 mA EA group under the stimulation of 40 mmHg than that in 4 °C moxibustion group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

There are differences among EA of different parameters and moxibustion of different temperatures in activating on Tianshu (ST 25) regions MC of visceral hyperalgesia model rats, as well as in improving the visceral hyperalgesia reaction. The effect of 4 °C moxibustion is the most significant.

     

灸法研究的战略思考

在中医针灸学现代化和国际化进程中,灸法的应用日益受到关注。灸法作用机理研究已成为针灸医学研究领域亟待解决的关键科学问题。该文在总结前期灸法研究成果的基础上,对灸法下一步深入研究进行了思考和展望,认为亟需开展多学科交叉研究,阐明灸法的内源性调节机制,揭示艾灸得气、灸温、灸材等因素的作用特点、规律和机制,明确艾灸热、光、烟与灸效的关系,并确证艾灸与针刺作用的异同,以推动灸法研究新一轮的发展和创新;并展望灸法在“治未病”及防治疾病中的作用与贡献。     

雷公藤减毒研究进展

雷公藤为治疗类风湿性关节炎常用中药,具有清热解毒,祛风除湿,消肿止痛,杀虫止痒的功用,现代药理研究表明其具有抗炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤及免疫调节等作用,临床主要用于治疗免疫性疾病、肾脏性疾病、皮肤性疾病等,对类风湿性关节炎的疗效尤为显著。但严重的毒副作用,尤其是肝肾毒性,限制了其临床应用,成为迫切需要解决的难题,故雷公藤的减毒研究成为近年来的研究热点。本课题组主要研究雷公藤的经皮给药对其减毒增效的作用,但目前雷公藤的应用困境仍然没有得到改善,故对2006年至2016年近10年来雷公藤减毒研究的相关文献进行检索,包括传统的炮制减毒、配伍减毒和现代的制剂减毒、结构修饰减毒、生物技术减毒以及其相互的联合应用等,分析雷公藤的减毒现状和困境,对比现存减毒方式间的差异,为雷公藤减毒增效研究提供思路,促进其合理开发和临床安全应用,也为其他有毒中药的合理应用提供参考。