TDP局部照射用于治疗儿童髋关节一过性滑膜炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨加速儿童髋关节一过性滑膜炎疾病的愈合.方法:随机性分析2005年1月～2006年4月共100例髋关节一过性滑膜炎患儿的治疗效果,把病人随机分为治疗组及对照组.治疗组按常规方法治疗加TDP灯局部照射,对照组仅按常规方法治疗.结果:治疗1周后,治疗组B超检查增厚滑膜厚度变化差值、关节腔间隙宽度变化值、关节腔积液好转率、"4"字试验阴性率均明显优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:TDP灯用于治疗儿童髋关节一过性滑膜炎能加速疾病愈合,提高治疗效果.     

小儿麻醉恢复期常见并发症的预防及护理

麻醉恢复是指小儿从麻醉状态逐渐苏醒的过程.在此期间由于麻醉药物的残余作用以及手术的直接创伤,加之小儿本身的生理特点,其并发症的发生率远高于成人.     

开塞露在急性尿潴留中的应用

急性尿潴留是临床上常见症状之一,其致病原因多种多样,处理方法也较多,疗效各一。近几年我们对２０例急性尿潴留患者单纯采用开塞露肛门刺激排尿,取得良好效果。     

脊柱侧弯患儿围手术期心理护理

目的探讨脊柱侧弯患儿围手术期的心理护理措施。方法2005-07／2006-11我科共收治脊柱侧弯手术患儿26例，术前给予心理疏导和心理干预，术后给予心理支持、心理指导。结果26例患儿均治愈出院，无心理障碍的发生。结论做好脊柱侧弯患儿围手术期的心理护理，减轻患儿心理负担，增强自信心，对促进患儿顺利康复起到积极、重要的作用。     

小儿骨科术后镇痛效果的观察与护理

目的:探讨镇痛药物对小儿骨科术后镇痛的效果。方法:将80例骨科手术患儿随机分成A、B两组,每组40例。A组患儿采用芬太尼100ug 生理盐水50ml;B组患儿采用氯丙嗪5mg 异丙嗪5mg 生理盐水50ml。结果:两组药物术后镇痛效果比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);副反应的发生率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:氯丙嗪、异丙嗪联合应用于小儿骨科术后镇痛,可有效减少镇痛药物所引发的副反应,有推广价值。     

丙戊酸对脊髓损伤大鼠内源性神经干细胞增殖的影响

BACKGROUND： Valproic acid has been reported to decrease apoptosis, promote neuronal differentiation of brain-derived neural stem cells, and inhibit glial differentiation of brain-derived neural stem cells.
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of valproic acid on proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells in a rat model of spinal cord injury.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neuropathological study was performed at Key Laboratory of Trauma, Buming, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between November 2005 and February 2007.
MATERIALS： A total of 45 adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham surgery （n = 5）, injury （n = 20）, and valproic acid （n = 20） groups. Valproic acid was provided by Sigma, USA. METHODS： Injury was induced to the T10 segment in the injury and valproic acid groups using the metal weight-dropping method. The spinal cord was exposed without contusion in the sham surgery group. Rats in the valproic acid group were intraperitoneally injected with 150 mg/kg valproic acid every 12 hours （twice in total）.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Nestin expression （5 mm from injured center） was detected using immunohistochemistry at 1,3 days, 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-injury.
RESULTS： Low expression of nestin was observed in the cytoplasm, but rarely in the white matter of the spinal cord in the sham surgery group. In the injury group, nestin expression was observed in the ependyma and pia mater one day after injury, and expression reached a peak at 1 week （P 〈 0.05）. Expression was primarily observed in the ependymal cells, which expanded towards the white and gray matter of the spinal cord. Nestin expression rapidly decreased by 4 weeks post-injury, and had almost completely disappeared by 8 weeks. At 24 hours after spinal cord injury, there was no significant difference in nestin expression between the valproic acid and injury groups. At 1 week, there was a significant increase in the number of nestin-positive cells surrounding the central canal in valproic acid group compared with the injury group （P 〈 0.05）. Expression reached a peak by 4 weeks, and it was still present at 8 weeks.
CONCLUSION： Valproic acid promoted endogenous neural stem cell proliferation following spinal cord injury in rats.     

微创技术Orthofix外固定架治疗儿童股骨干、胫骨干骨折的护理

目的:探讨Orthofix外固定架治疗儿童股骨干、胫骨干骨折的护理方法。方法:对39例用Orthofix外固定架治疗股骨干、胫骨干骨折患儿的护理进行总结分析。结果:39例均获得骨性愈合,优良率为100%。结论:Orthofix外固定架治疗儿童股骨干、胫骨干骨折是一种损伤小、对骨折处生理影响小、骨折愈合快、并发症少的手术,同时作好手术前后的护理以及科学合理的功能锻炼是患儿全面康复的重要保证。     

楔形截骨加压骑缝钉内固定治疗大龄儿童僵硬型马蹄足的护理

马蹄内翻足畸形是小儿最常见的骨关节畸形,是小儿运动系统三大畸形之一,世界各地均有发生,发病率为1‰,但发展中国家占80%,男女之比约为5:1,双侧多见[1].马蹄内翻足严重影响患儿足部形态和功能.由于医学知识的不足,缺乏筛查和检测体制,多在婴幼儿期错失治疗的最佳时间,以至随着年龄的增长和负重行走,导致足畸形严重,不仅骨骼排列异常,而且骨骼形态也随之发生改变.     

健康教育在儿童医疗中的作用及实施

由于儿童这一群体的特殊性 ,在开展儿童医疗工作中 ,健康教育扮演着重要的角色 ,不仅应贯穿于医疗、预防、护理工作全过程中 ,且健康教育本身也是一种治疗因素。我院有序开展健康教育工作 5年多 ,针对儿童病人的特点 ,形成了全方位、多渠道、多形式的健康教育局面。健康教育是儿童病人的重要需求1 “预防为主”的卫生工作方针对儿科工作特别重要 ,只要防护得当 ,容易收到事半功倍的效果。小儿疾病可以预防 ,在儿童时期进行早期教育、早期干预 ,对饮食起居 ,生活习惯给予正确指导 ,不仅能降低小儿的发病率 ,对成年时期的常见病如肥胖病、心血…