帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后急性及慢性疼痛的影响

目的研究帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对乳腺癌改良根治术患者术后急性及慢性疼痛的影响。方法40例择期行乳腺癌改良根治术患者,ASA分级I~Ⅱ级,随机分成A、B两组,每组20例,A组为帕瑞昔布钠组,在麻醉诱导前15 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg作为超前镇痛,B组为对照组静脉注射生理盐水5ml。术后两组患者均给予舒芬太尼PCIA。记录两组患者术后2 h、4 h、24 h和48 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),术后48 h内PCIA按压次数及术后慢性疼痛的发生情况。结果 A组在术后2 h、4 h、24 h和48 h VAS评分较B组低(P<0.05)。A组术后48 h内PCIA按压次数明显低于B组(P<0.05);两组患者术后慢性疼痛的发生情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛减少48 h内PCA自控按压次数,降低术后2 h、4 h、24 h和48 h VAS评分,对术后慢性疼痛的发生情况无影响。     

维族和汉族患者罗库溴铵肌松时效的比较

Objective To compare the time-course of relaxant effect of rocuronium between patients of Uygur and Han nationalities.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (15 Uygur nationality,15 Han nationality) of both sexes,aged 20-55 yr weighing 45-73 kg were divided into 2 groups (n=15 each):group U Uygur nationality and group H Han nationality.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,propofol,fentanyl and suxamethonium chloride.Tracheal intubation was performed and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Recuronium 0.6mg/kg was then given iv.Neuromuscular function was monitored with acceleromyograph using single stimulation of the ulna nerve.The onset time (time from injection of recuronium to maximal paralysis),nonresponse time (duration of maximal twitch depression),clinical duration (time required for the twitch to return to 25% of control height after injection of initial dose),75%recovery time (time for twitch to return to 75%of control height after injection of initial dose) and recovery index (time for twitch height to return from 25% to 75% of control height) were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the onset time between the two nationalities.The time of nonresponse period,clinical duration and 75% recovery time were significantly shorter in Uygur patients than in Han patients.Recovery index was significantly shorter in Uygur patients.Conclusion There is a significant difference in the time-course of muscle relaxant effect of recuronium between Uygur and Han nationalities.The influence of nationality on recommended dosage of recuronimn should be considered.     

模拟教学平台在麻醉学教学中的应用与体会

针对我国现代医学模式的转变及麻醉学教育现状,探讨医学模拟教学在麻醉学中的应用,对在临床麻醉技能教学中充分发挥学生的积极性,培养实践能力和创新能力提供了新思路。     

术中化疗患者围术期曲马多疼痛治疗的时机探索

目的:选择术中化疗患者在不同的手术阶段给予曲马多,观察患者的镇痛效果和PONV(术后恶心、呕吐)副作用的发生情况。方法选择60例ASAI-II级需全麻下行直肠癌根治手术患者,年龄35～68岁,体重53～90kg,未合并有慢性疾病等病史。所有患者均采用静吸复合气管插管全麻,在术中行OLG方案(草酸铂、醛氢叶酸、氟尿嘧啶)化疗,按照给予曲马多的不同手术阶段分为三组:A组为对照组,手术结束时给予生理盐水2ml,B组在手术结束时静脉注射曲马多1.5mg/kg;C组在术前静脉注射曲马多1.5mg/kg。三组患者术后使用静脉镇痛泵(曲马多1g,托烷司琼5mg加生理盐水至100ml)进行术后镇痛,PCIA(经静脉患者自控镇痛)背景剂量2ml/h,冲击剂量2ml,锁定时间10min。术后随访24h,记录生命体征、镇痛及恶心呕吐等副作用的发生情况。结果各时间点A组患者的BP、HR和VAS评分与B组、C组比较较高,差异有统计学意义。C组患者的PCA(患者自控镇痛)次数与其他两组比较少,差异有统计学意义。B组恶心呕吐的发生率与A组、C组相比较高,差异有统计学意义。结论C组患者选择的时机最佳,既可以发挥曲马多的超前镇痛的作用,又避免了两种治疗方案副反应的叠加,降低了PONV的发生率,因而,对于计划在术中进行化疗的患者,术前给予曲马多行围术期镇痛最佳。     

乳腺癌患者保乳手术腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术中的病理生理变化

目的 探讨乳腺癌患者保乳手术腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术中机体相应的循环、呼吸、血气等病理生理变化.方法 选择符合保乳条件的Ⅰ～Ⅱ期浸润性乳腺癌患者20例(维吾尔族),经患者要求择期行保乳手术开放切除病灶并进行乳腔镜下腋窝淋巴结清扫术,对比术时CO2充气前、充气后及放气后心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、平均动脉压(M...     

维族和汉族患者罗库溴铵肌松时效的比较

Objective To compare the time-course of relaxant effect of rocuronium between patients of Uygur and Han nationalities.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients (15 Uygur nationality,15 Han nationality) of both sexes,aged 20-55 yr weighing 45-73 kg were divided into 2 groups (n=15 each):group U Uygur nationality and group H Han nationality.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,propofol,fentanyl and suxamethonium chloride.Tracheal intubation was performed and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Recuronium 0.6mg/kg was then given iv.Neuromuscular function was monitored with acceleromyograph using single stimulation of the ulna nerve.The onset time (time from injection of recuronium to maximal paralysis),nonresponse time (duration of maximal twitch depression),clinical duration (time required for the twitch to return to 25% of control height after injection of initial dose),75%recovery time (time for twitch to return to 75%of control height after injection of initial dose) and recovery index (time for twitch height to return from 25% to 75% of control height) were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the onset time between the two nationalities.The time of nonresponse period,clinical duration and 75% recovery time were significantly shorter in Uygur patients than in Han patients.Recovery index was significantly shorter in Uygur patients.Conclusion There is a significant difference in the time-course of muscle relaxant effect of recuronium between Uygur and Han nationalities.The influence of nationality on recommended dosage of recuronimn should be considered.     

右美托咪定对老年患者全髋关节置换术后早期认知功能的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定对老年患者全髋关节置换术后早期认知功能的影响.方法 择期行全髋关节置换术患者60例,年龄65～80岁,随机均分为两组,术中分别持续泵注右美托咪定(D组)或等量生理盐水(N组).两组均采用腰-硬联合麻醉.分别于术前1天和术后第7天对患者进行神经精神功能测试.结果 术后第7天D组术后认知功能障碍(POCD)发生率明显低于N组(20％ vs.50％,P＜0.05).结论 右美托咪定可能降低老年患者全髋关节置换术后POCD的发生率.     

维族和汉族患者罗库溴铵肌松时效的比较

目的 比较维族和汉族患者罗库溴铵的肌松时效.方法 择期拟在全麻下行甲状腺手术的维吾尔族患者(W组)和汉族患者(H组)各15例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄20～55岁,体重45～73 kg.静脉注射咪达唑仑、异丙酚、芬太尼和琥珀胆碱行麻醉诱导气管插管后,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,采用加速度仪单个刺激模式监测肌松起效时间、无反应期、临床维持时间、75%恢复时间和恢复指数.结果 两组肌松起效时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与H组比较,W组无反应期、临床维持时间、75%恢复时间及恢复指数均明显缩短(P<0.05).结论 维吾尔族与汉族患者罗库溴铵的肌松时效存在明显差别,临床上用量需要考虑民族差异的影响.