前外侧和外侧联合入路的股骨颈肿瘤刮除植骨及内固定术

目的 探讨前外侧和外侧联合入路肿瘤刮除植骨重建治疗股骨颈骨肿瘤的疗效.方法 2005年7月至2009年8月采用前外侧和外侧联合入路手术治疗股骨颈肿瘤12例,男7例,女5例;年龄1768岁,平均34岁.软骨母细胞瘤4例,原发性骨巨细胞瘤2例,纤维结构不良3例,骨囊肿3例.7例有病理性骨折,5例骨皮质变薄.按国际保肢协会股骨颈肿瘤分区H1区1例、H2区4例、H1,2区7例.前外侧Smith-Peterson入路行肿瘤刮除植骨,外侧Watson-Jones入路行内固定.内固定采用解剖钢板10例,经皮空心螺钉2例.结果 全部患者随访12～68个月,平均35个月.患者疼痛均消失,随访期间无复发,无病理性骨折、股骨头坏死、关节退变.1例出现股骨外侧皮肤麻木,术后6个月自行缓解;1例出现外展无力.11例恢复正常活动范围,前屈120°～135°,后伸9°～15°,外展30°～45°.国际骨与软组织肿瘤协会功能评分27～30分,平均29.2分.结论 前外侧"SP"入路可以充分暴露肿瘤部位,手术视野清晰,刮除彻底,复发率低;外侧"WJ"入路易于植入内固定,防止术后病理性骨折的发生.股骨颈骨折采用前外侧"SP"与外侧"WJ"联合入路肿瘤刮除植骨重建的近期疗效较好.

Abstract：

Objective To explore surgical procedure of combined anterior-lateral and lateral approach for the treatment of bone tumors of femoral neck. Methods Forty patients with bone tumors of femoral neck treated in Tianjin Hospital were included from July 2005 to August 2009. Of the patients, 12 who were treated with curettage and bone graft through combined anterior-lateral and lateral incision were analyzed in this study. There were 7 males and 5 females with an average age of 34 years ranging from 17 to 68 years. 4 patients were diagnosed as chondroblastoma, 2 giant cell tumor, 3 fibrous dysplasia, and 3 single bone cysts. 7 patients suffered from pathologic fractures, and 5 had presented thin cortical bone because of tumor involvement. There were 1 tumor located in H1 zone, 4 in H2 zone and 7 in H1,2 zone according to ISOLS femoral neck classification. All patients were treated by curettage and bone graft via anterior-lateral approach, 10 cases underwent internal fixation with anatomical plate, and 2 cases with canulated screws with lateral approach. Results The follow-up time ranged from 10 to 68 months with an average of 35 months.Pain disappeared in all patients, and there were not recurrence of tumor, pathologic fractures and avascular necrosis. One case had complained of lateral femoral skin numbness which may be caused by injures of femoral lateral nerves. One case had difficulties in the valgus of hip joint. The mean MSTS score was 29.2 points ranging from 27 to 30 points. Conclusion Anterior approaches of "SP" incision is helpful to thorough curettage which decrease the risk of recurrence due to good visualization and intemal fixation is easy to perform via lateral approaches. The result suggested that combined anterior-lateral "SP" and lateral incision is liable option in treatment of bone tumors of femoral neck.     

应用足拇展肌肌皮瓣修复足跟底区皮肤等软组织缺损临床研究

目的 应用足拇展肌肌皮瓣修复足跟底区皮肤等软组织缺损创面,与传统的修复方法 进行比较,探讨该肌皮瓣在足跟负重区创面修复中的临床应用价值.方法应用足拇展肌肌皮瓣修复足跟底区皮肤等软组织缺损创面19例,指导患者进行康复训练,定期跟踪随访,术后12个月评定足跟的感觉和运动功能.结果 19例足拇展肌肌皮瓣全部成活,术后随访12个月至36个月,足跟的外形好,皮瓣颜色正常、感觉功能恢复良好、有弹性,无压迫性溃疡等并发症的发生.2组治疗后皮瓣感觉功能比较,差异有统计学意义(u=5.571,P<0.05).2组治疗后足跟整体功能比较差异有统计学意义(u=3.473,P<0.05).足拇展肌肌皮瓣组优良率明显高于传统小腿皮瓣组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 采用足拇展肌肌皮瓣修复足跟底区皮肤等软组织缺损创面是一种理想的选择,皮瓣供区损伤小,能够完全恢复足跟负重区的感觉功能,足跟的外观和运动功能恢复理想,在临床上的推广应用价值较大.     

三种小腿带蒂皮瓣修复足跟后区皮肤缺损的应用研究

目的 采用三种小腿带蒂皮瓣修复足跟后区皮肤等软组织缺损,研究这些皮瓣在该区创面修复中的临床应用价值.方法 自2007年8月至2016年3月,选择应用外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣或腓肠神经营养皮瓣等小腿带蒂皮瓣修复足跟后区皮肤等软组织缺损创面43例,术后指导患者早期康复训练,定期随访,于术后1年综合评定皮瓣感觉功能和足跟运动功能.结果 43例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访12~24个月,皮瓣外形好、色泽正常,有弹性,部分恢复感觉,无溃疡;根据Glickman-Mackinnon方法评定皮瓣感觉恢复情况:S1级4块,S2级30块,S3级8块,S4级1块;采用Maryland评分系统综合评定足跟功能:优26例,良12例,可4例,差1例,优良率为88.4%.结论 采用外踝上穿支皮瓣、内踝上穿支皮瓣或腓肠神经营养皮瓣等修复足跟后区皮肤缺损均是较好的选择,手术操作相对简单,供区损伤较小,皮瓣的成活率高,足跟的外观和功能恢复理想,均具有较高的临床应用价值.