Über die Wirkung hoher Drucke auf Herzschlag und Elektrokardiogramm

Zusammenfassung Die Kompression ist ein Mittel, ein ausgeschnittenes, schlagendes Froschherz zum Stillstand oder ein stillgestelltes Herz zum Schlagen zu bringen. Drucke bis etwa 400 Atm. bewirken Steigerung des Herzschlags und der Herzfrequenz und verwandeln einen Sinusschlag in einen Sinusvorhofschlag oder einen Sinusvorhof schlag in einen vollkommenen Herzschlag. Plötzliche Entlastung bewirkt einen vorübergehenden, verschieden lang dauernden Herzstillstand, der durch erneuten Druckanstieg behoben wird. Die Einwirkungen des Drucks auf den Herzschlag werden durch unmittelbare Beobachtung oder durch Registrierung des Elektrokardiogramms verfolgt. An dem in situ befindlichen Herzen einer Garnele (Crangon, Pandalus) bewirkt Drucksteigerung immer nur Herzverlangsamung.     

Antibody response to measles vaccination in Turkish children

Summary In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in measles cases among preschool and secondary school children in Turkey, as in many other countries. The seroconversion and coverage rates of measles vaccine should therefore be evaluated in order to obtain data that could be used to determine the vaccination policy for Turkey. Measles immunity status was studied by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) test determining the anti-measles IgG antibody levels. Measles specific IgG antibodies were found to be positive in 77.88% of the entire study group of 800 children aged 11 months to 12 years, while 21.25% had negative sera. Seven (0.87%) subjects had borderline results. The results of this study indicate the need to administer a second dose of measles vaccine, preferably at 18 months of age concomitant with other vaccines. This vaccination policy, together with an increase in the extent of immunization coverage, may help to achieve the World Health Organization's (WHO) target of the complete eradication of measles.

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Antikörperantwort auf Masernimpfung bei türkischen Kindern

Zusammenfassung Masernfälle haben in den letzten Jahren bei Vorschul- und Schulkindern in der Türkei erheblich zugenommen. Diese Beobachtung wurde auch in anderen Ländern gemacht. Es ist daher nötig, Untersuchungen zur Serokonversion und Durchimpfung mit Masernimpfstoff durchzuführen, um Daten zu haben, die als Grundlage für die Impfstrategien in der Türkei verwendet werden können. Der Masern-Immunstatus wurde mittels enzymgebundenem Immunsorbent-Assay (ELISA) bestimmt. Die Messung der anti-Masern IgG-Antikörperspiegel ergab einen positiven Befund bei 77,88% der gesamten Gruppe von 800 Kindern im Alter von 11 Monaten bis 12 Jahren. 21,25% der Seren wurden als negativ beurteilt. Sieben Kinder (0,87%) hatten grenzwertige Ergebnisse. Die Daten der Studie sprechen dafür, vorzugsweise im Alter von 18 Monaten eine zweite Dosis Masernimpfstoff zu applizieren, wenn auch andere Impfungen erfolgen. Mit dieser Impfstrategie und einer besseren Durchimpfung könnte das Ziel der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO), Masern völlig auszurotten, leichter erreicht werden.

     

Comparison of the two techniques for measurement of the density of Demodex folliculorum: standardized skin surface biopsy and direct microscopic examination

Background In daily dermatological practice, many dermatologists do not include demodicosis in their differential diagnoses, or the diagnosis of demodicosis is frequently masked by other skin diseases such as papulopustular or erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis and contact dermatitis. There are two methods for measurement of the density of Demodex folliculorum (Dd): standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) and direct microscopic examination of fresh secretions from sebaceous glands (DME). No study has been reported in the literature comparing the diagnostic value of these two techniques. Objectives To compare the value of the two techniques, SSSB and DME, for the measurement of Dd in patients with suspected demodicosis. Methods Mite density was investigated using SSSB and DME in 37 patients with facial skin lesions suggesting demodicosis. Two samples, one for SSSB and one for DME, were obtained from a cheek lesion of each patient. Results Twenty‐three (62%) patients were diagnosed with demodicosis according to their clinical manifestations combined with a high Dd (Dd > 5 mites cm^?2) with SSSB and/or DME. In all the patients, the mean Dd measured with SSSB was higher than that with DME (22·9 ± 5·9 and 2·2 ± 0·8, respectively; P = 0·001). Also, among the 23 patients with demodicosis, the mean Dd measured using SSSB was higher than the mean Dd with DME (36·5 ± 8·3 and 3·4 ± 1·2, respectively; P = 0·0001). Conclusions We recommend the use of SSSB for the measurement of Dd as more patients with demodicosis can be diagnosed with this method compared with the DME method.     

Effects of pesticides on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro: induction of DNA damage

Because of the widespread use of pesticides for domestic and industrial applications the evaluation of their genotoxic effects is of major concern to public health. Although various experimental data have provided evidence that pesticides can possess genotoxic properties in animals and in in vitro test systems after acute and chronic exposure, the information on the genotoxic effects of some of pesticides is limited and inconsistent. In the present study, the genotoxic potential of commonly used pesticides (i.e., dimethoate and methyl parathion from the organophosphate class, propoxur and pirimicarb from carbamates, and cypermethrin and permethrin from pyrethroids) have been evaluated. The genotoxic effects of these substances were examined using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay in freshly isolated human peripheral lymphocytes. The cells were incubated with 10, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml concentrations of the test substances for 0.5 h at 37°C and DNA damage was compared with that obtained in lymphocytes from the same donor not treated with substances. Hydrogen peroxide, 100 µM, was used as a positive control. Within the concentration ranges studied, no significant cytotoxic effects were observed. Dimethoate and methyl parathion at 100 and 200 µg/ml; propoxur at 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml, and pirimicarb, cypermethrin and permethrin at 200 µg/ml significantly increased DNA damage in human lymphocytes.     

Central nervous system involvement in incontinentia pigmenti: cranial MRI of two siblings

Incontinentia pigmenti is an uncommon neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by skin lesions, dental and ocular abnormalities and central nervous system involvement. We report the cranial MRI findings in two sisters with this condition. These include hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, enlargement of the lateral ventricles and periventricular white-matter lesions. One girl also had unilateral microphthalmia and rostral agenesis of the corpus callosum, a feature not previously described. Received: 24 September 1996 Accepted: 24 June 1997     

The effect of an H2-receptor antagonist on small-bowel colonization and bacterial translocation in newborn rats

Bacterial translocation (BT) is defined as the passage of enteric bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to extraintestinal tissues. Bacterial overgrowth is one of the main promoting factors of BT, which is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. It is believed that small-bowel colonization is established by bacterial spread through the rectum. Gastric acid is also involved in this process. An experimental study was designed for investigating the effect of gastric acid inhibition with the use of an H₂-receptor antagonist on intestinal colonization and BT in newborn rats. Animals were divided into two groups: the ranitidine group (n = 20) received ranitidine 10 mg/kg per day intramuscularly for 5 days; the control group (n = 30) received saline solution. Mesenteric lymph node, spleen, liver, stomach, small bowel/cecum, and large bowel specimens were obtained from each rat 5 days later and gram-negative and -positive aerobic bacteria identified by the use of chocolate and Endo agar. It is concluded that: (1) there was a strong correlation between gastric and small-bowel bacterial colonization in the ranitidine group; (2) no correlation between large-and small-bowel colonization could be demonstrated; and (3) BT occurred only in the ranitidine group. Accepted: 12 June 1997     

Familial Mediterranean fever in children: report of a large series and discussion of the risk and prognostic factors of amyloidosis

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetically transmitted disease characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and serositis. The most important complication of this disease is the development of amyloidosis. We present our analysis of 425 FMF patients without and 180 with amyloidosis (123 FMF having amyloidosis type I and 57 FMF having amyloidosis type II). The male/female ratio was higher in the amyloidosis population (111/69) when compared to the FMF population (225/200) (P?=?0.048). Consanguinity rate was the same among FMF and amyloidosis groups. However, a family history of amyloidosis was significantly more frequent in the amyloidosis group (P?=?0.00001). Multivariate analysis has revealed that in FMF patients, the presence of a family history of amyloidosis plus consanguinity has a 6.04 fold increased risk of amyloidosis (P?Conclusion Since the presence of a familial history of amyloidosis has been defined as the most important risk factor in the development of amyloidosis, we suggest that additional genetic factors may be operative in the development of amyloidosis.