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The advantages of the new, safer, but more expensive iodinated contrast agents are discussed, and opinions on which patient groups should receive the agents are presented. 相似文献
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A community organization strategy was used in the delivery of health education programs by the Minnesota Heart Health Program (MHHP). The effectiveness of the approach was evaluated to determine whether an enhanced health promotion delivery system had developed in MHHP communities by the end of the intervention period or whether the intervention had suppressed community efforts. 'Social connectedness' among providers, as measured by health promotion network size, also was expected to be higher in intervention communities. Six Midwestern communities were studied: the MHHP communities of Mankato, MN and Fargo, ND--Moorhead, MN with two matched comparison communities for each (Winona, MN, St Cloud, MN and Eau Claire, WI, Sioux Falls, SD). Nine areas of health promotion were assessed, including the five heart disease risk factor areas where education campaigns had been implemented (smoking cessation, weight loss, eating patterns, exercise, and heart disease education and screening) and four other areas where community programs are common (chemical dependency; home, personal and drivers' safety; stress management; and cancer education and screening). Indicators of the health promotion delivery system were developed (program options and program participation), and data were collected in separate surveys of 438 community organization providers and 320 larger worksites in the six communities. Results showed no suppression of health promotion delivery systems in MHHP communities. Instead, the survey of larger worksites showed that there was greater participation in heart disease health promotion and greater 'social connectedness' among worksites in both intervention communities. Also, there were more heart disease health promotion programs in the larger intervention community of Fargo-Moorhead. In the community organization survey, results favored the larger intervention community over its comparison communities in heart disease health promotion program options and in 'social connectedness' but not in program participation. However, survey results favored one of the comparison communities (Winona) over the smaller intervention community (Mankato) on all indicators in this survey. The greater impact of the MHHP intervention at worksites suggests that institutionalization may be more likely in stable organizations whose current needs and interests fit the goals of the intervention activity. 相似文献
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A modified technique for catheterization of the pulmonary artery was developed. It involves the passage of a tapered, movable-core, J-tipped guide wire across the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery followed by the advancement of a straightened Grollman pigtail catheter. The technique was successful in 34 of 34 pulmonary artery catheterizations. The method avoids prolonged catheter manipulation within the right ventricle. In addition, since the catheter does not cross the tricuspid valve until the guide wire has been advanced, the occasional complication of the pigtail "hooking" on a tricuspid valve leaflet or chordae tendineae during catheter withdrawal and manipulation is prevented. 相似文献
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Müller G Richter RA Weisbrod S Klingberg F 《Archives of gerontology and geriatrics》1992,14(3):215-225
Tactile pattern recognition of ten different patterns which were engraved upon 4 x 4 cm plastic plaquettes with one hand and thereafter drawing with the other or the same hand was tested in 21 patients with a mild stage primary degenerative presenile onset dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and in 14 patients with a questionable dementia on the background of a chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in comparison to 15 healthy subjects of the same age (51 years old, elder controls, (EC)) and 16 younger subjects (22 years old, younger controls, (YC)). Patients made about four times more errors than the EC group. Duration from the begin of touching to the end of drawing was significantly longer in patients than in controls. In a second task the subjects had to recognize four subsequent patterns, then to perform a standard multiplication task and afterwards to draw all four patterns in their correct sequence. Patients made about ten times more errors in pattern recognition and series reproduction than age-matched controls. 相似文献
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乳腺管状小叶癌(Tubulolobular carcinoma,TLC)最初是被作为小叶癌的管状变型。作者总结了27例TLC的组织学、免疫表型和临床特征,并与纯小管癌和经典型小叶癌进行了比较。此组患者年龄43-79岁(中位年龄60岁)。1例双侧乳腺受累,5例病变为多灶性。肿瘤直径0.5-2.5cm,色灰褐,质硬。组织学观察:TLC的肿瘤细胞形成管状和条索状两种结构模式并相互混杂,且两者比例相当(统称为管状小叶模式)。 相似文献
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MJ McKinley RM McAllen GL Pennington A. Smardencas RS Weisinger BJ Oldfield 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1996,23(Z3):99-104
- 1 Autoradiographic binding studies have shown that the AT1 receptor is the predominant angiotensin II (AngII) receptor subtype in the central nervous system (CNS). Major sites of AT1 receptors are the lamina terminalis, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the lateral parabrachial nucleus, rostral and caudal ventrolateral medulla, nucleus of the solitary tract and the intermediolateral cell column of the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord.
- 2 While there are differences between species, AT2 receptors are found mainly in the cerebellum, inferior olive and locus coeruleus of the rat.
- 3 Circulating AngII acts on AT1 receptors in the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) to stimulate neurons that may have a role in initiating water drinking.
- 4 Centrally administered AngII may act on AT1 receptors in the median preoptic nucleus and elsewhere to induce drinking, sodium appetite, a sympathetic vasoconstrictor response and vasopressin secretion.
- 5 Recent evidence shows that centrally administered AT1 antagonists inhibit dipsogenic, natriuretic, pressor and vasopressin secretory responses to intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic saline. This suggests that an angiotensinergic neural pathway has a role in osmoregulatory responses.
- 6 Central angiotensinergic pathways which include neural inputs to the rostral ventrolateral medulla may use AT1 receptors and play a role in the function of sympathetic pathways maintaining arterial pressure.