外周血miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA对类风湿关节炎“病”“证”诊断意义的初步探讨＊

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎患者外周血miR-150-5p、细胞因子信号抑制因子1（suppressor of cytokine signaling 1，SOCS1）mRNA的表达及对类风湿关节炎（Rheumatoid Arthritis，RA）疾病诊断、中医证型判断的意义。方法 纳入符合诊断标准的RA患者57例及健康对照组19例，根据《22个专业95个病种中医诊疗方案》有关RA的中医证候诊断标准，判断RA的中医证型。qPCR检测RA患者及健康对照组miR-150-5p、SOCS1mRNA的相对表达水平，同时检测血常规、肝功能、肾功能等常规指标。双荧光素酶分析方法判断两者是否存在靶向关系。统计分析miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA对RA疾病的诊断意义及其与中医证型的相关性。结果 RA患者外周血miR-150-5p的相对表达水平下调，低于正常人群（t = -19.019，P < 0.05）；其表达水平随疾病活动度升高，有下降趋势；患者外周血SOCS1 mRNA的相对表达水平上调，低于正常人群（t = 5.333，P < 0.05）；其表达水平随疾病活动度升高，有上升趋势。MiR-150-5p与SOCS1 mRNA有靶向结合关系（P < 0.05）。通过AUC曲线比较，miR-150-5p的相对表达水平区分RA的敏感性及特异性分别为98.1%、92.1%（AUC = 0.972，P < 0.05）；SOCS1 mRNA的相对表达水平无法区分RA（AUC = 0.472，P > 0.05）。RA患者中miR-150-5p的相对表达水平低于3.06，RA患者风湿痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证的相对风险分别为8.33、250.00（P < 0.05）。结论 miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA在RA患者中有差异性表达，且有靶向结合关系。miR-150-5p可能是RA的疾病诊断及中医风湿痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证证型诊断的潜在生物标志物。     

Effect of anoxia on in vitro bladder function.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the ability of the in vitro whole bladder to empty in response to bethanechol administration was inhibited by anoxia while its ability to generate pressure decreased only slightly. One question was not addressed by these early studies: Is the anoxic effect selective for receptor-mediated contractile stimulation (as opposed to non-receptor-mediated contractile stimulation)? The present study was designed to compare the effect of anoxia on the ability of the in vitro bladder to generate pressure, sustain pressure, and empty in response to field stimulation (FS), bethanechol and KC1 administration. Each New Zealand white rabbit was anesthetized with pentobarbital and the bladder removed. The bladder was mounted as a whole-bladder preparation in a 300-ml isolated bath containing Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C and equilibrated with 95% O2, 5% CO2. Anoxia was produced by changing the gas mixture to 95% nitrogen, 5% CO2. The effect of anoxia on the response to FS, bethanechol, and KCl was determined at different times after the initiation of anoxia. The results of these studies can be summarized as follows. (1) Anoxia induced a time-dependent decrease in the rate of pressure generation, the magnitude of pressure generation, and the percent volume emptied in response to FS and bethanechol. (2) At all time periods of anoxia, the ability of the bladder to empty was inhibited to a significantly greater degree than either the rate of magnitude of pressure generation (for both FS and bethanechol administration).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Inclusion cyst of the tunica albuginea: Demonstration by ultrasound

A 35-year-old man discovered a 1-cm nodule at the upper pole of the left testicle after blunt focal trauma. While the pain, tenderness, and location suggested hematoma or appendiceal torsion, the demonstration by ultrasound of the size, cystic nature, and extraparenchymal location was consistent with the rarely documented cyst of the tunica albuginea.     

Comparison of urinary bladder function in sexually mature and immature male and female rats

Although studies exist using both male and female rats, there are virtually no studies that compare male and female bladder function. In this initial study, in-vivo and in-vitro urinary bladder function was investigated in two age groups of male and female rats (sexually immature and sexually mature). These studies compare in-vivo micturition behavior (water intake, urine output, frequency and volume per micturition); and in-vitro whole bladder function (bladder volume/pressure relationships, the ability of the in-vitro bladders to generate pressure and empty in response to bethanechol and field stimulation). The results can be summarized as follows: 1) The 24 hour water intake, urine output, and volume per micturition for the mature male rats was significantly greater than that of the mature females with no significant differences among the immature females, mature females, or immature males. 2) There were no significant differences in the frequency of micturition between the 4 groups. 3) Although the average plateau pressures (cystometrograms) of the immature and mature female bladders were greater than that of the immature and mature male bladders, the compliance was similar for all groups. 4) The maximum pressure response of the mature female bladder was significantly greater than pressures generated by bladders in the other three groups; there were no age or sex related differences in the bethanechol log ED50 values. 5) There were no age or sex-related differences in the bethanechol log ED50 values or maximal expulsion responses. 6) Field stimulated bladders from mature animals generated significantly greater intravesical pressures than bladders from immature animals, but, there were no significant differences in maximal pressures attained between mature male and female bladders nor between immature male and female bladders. In conclusion, micturition behavior, and the maximal pressure response to bethanechol changed dramatically with sexual maturity. These results are consistent with the idea that estrogen and other hormones may have a marked influence on bladder function and micturition behavior.     

The anterolateral neck dissection with special reference to the digastric and hypoglossal tunnels

The elective surgical treatment of the neck for advanced T-stage laryngeal presentations of squamous cell carcinoma is typically the anterolateral neck dissection. Modifications of the anterior-based technique that include the use of digastric and hypoglossal tunnels to establish reliable landmarks result in a reproducible technique. The complex anatomic relationships of the anterior and superior part of the neck dissection are exposed and protected early in the technique, making this approach ideal for use in an academic setting.     

In vitro studies of glucose metabolism of the rabbit urinary bladder

The urinary bladder, as do all smooth muscle organs, depends on the delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrates for proper functioning. Although glucose metabolism has been studied and evaluated for a variety of smooth muscle systems, little is known about carbohydrate metabolism of the urinary bladder. In the present investigation glucose metabolism and glycogen formation of the urinary bladder of the rabbit was studied in vitro. Isolated urinary bladder strips were prepared from bladder base and body and the following metabolic determinations were made: glucose utilization, glycogen formation, CO2, and lactic acid formation. In addition, the effect of insulin on glucose metabolism was investigated. Glucose utilization was similar in bladder base and body (6.57 +/- 0.67 mumols/gm./2 hours in combined tissues). Eighty-one percent of the glucose utilized was metabolized to lactate whereas 11% was oxidized to CO2 and 4.7% was incorporated into glycogen. Insulin caused a small but significant increase in glucose utilization by bladder strips.     

A novel canine model of partial outlet obstruction secondary to prostatic hypertrophy

Summary Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major medical problem in the United States. The primary medical complication of BPH is progressive obstruction of the urethra and a subsequent in reduction the ability or the bladder to empty efficiently. The urodynamic characteristics associated with BPH include hyperreflexia, increased bladder capacity, increased frequency, decreased flow rate, and increased residual volume. Although there currently are individual animal models of prostate enlargement and animal models of partial outlet obstruction, there is no model of progressive obstruction secondary to prostate enlargement. The primary objective of the current study was to develop a canine model of BPH that would secondarily result in partial urethral obstruction and impaired urodynamics. Our model consists of encapsulating the prostate in a nylon mesh to prevent the growth of the prostate into the peritoneal cavity and then treating the dog with steroids to induce prostate growth and subsequently produce urethral constriction. The results demonstrate that encapsulation of the dog prostate and administration of steroids results in an increase in prostate mass simultaneously with an increase in urethral pressure and in changes in bladder contraction consistent with the presence of partial outlet obstruction. This preliminary study demonstrates that by preventing the outward growth of the steroid-stimulated prostate, urethral obstruction resembling BPH can be produced.This work was supported in part by grants from the Veterans Administration, NIH grants RO-1-DK 26508 and RO-1-DK33559, and the Stterling Winthrop Pharmaceuticals Research Division.