Sexual dimorphism in shape and size of the neurocranium

International Journal of Legal Medicine - Sex identification is a primary step in forensic analysis of skeletal remains. The accuracy of sex estimation methods greatly depends on the sexual...     

Machine learning approaches for sex estimation using cranial measurements

International Journal of Legal Medicine - The aim of the present study is to apply support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) as sex classifiers and to generate useful...     

Accuracy of frozen section in the diagnosis of ovarian tumours

The purpose of our retrospective study was to assess the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis compared to final paraffin diagnosis in ovarian tumours at a gynaecological oncology centre in the UK. We analysed 66 cases and observed that frozen section consultation agreed with final paraffin diagnosis in 59 cases, which provided an accuracy of 89.4%. The overall sensitivity and specificity for all tumours were 85.4% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% and 89.4%, respectively. Of the seven cases with discordant results, the majority were large, mucinous tumours, which is in line with previous studies. Our study demonstrated that despite its limitations, intraoperative frozen section has a high accuracy and sensitivity for assessing ovarian tumours; however, care needs to be taken with large, mucinous tumours.     

Genomic diversity of natural killer cell receptor genes in three populations

We report the distribution of genes encoding 11 killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and 2 CD94:NKG2 receptors, in 32 Caucasians, 67 Australian Aborigines and 59 Vietnamese. The inhibitory and the activating KIR genes were found at different frequency in the three populations. No correlation was found between the polymorphism of the KIR genes and the HLA specificities of the tested samples. The most significant KIR associations were 2DL2 with 2DS2; 2DL2 with 2DS3 and 3DL1 with 2DS4 in all three study groups. In Caucasians and Vietnamese 2DS2 was associated with 2DS3 and 2DS1with 3DS1. KIR 2DL1 was strongly associated with three other KIRs: 2DL3, 3DL1 and 2DS4 in Aborigines. The distribution of the KIR phenotypes was different in the three populations. The AA1 phenotype was frequent in Vietnamese (42.4%) and Caucasians (31.2%), but very rare in Aborigines (1.5%). In contrast, the BB7 phenotype was very common for Aborigines (22.4%) and was absent in the two other groups. Our data demonstrate that different associations and putative KIR haplotypes could be distinguished in different populations.     

Swine cell systems as interferon producers. IV. Comparative studies on the correlation between virulence of different Newcastle disease virus strains and their potency as interferon inducers

Comparative studies concerning a correlation between virulence of various Newcastle virus strains and their interferon-inducing potency confirmed that such a correlation existed. The nearly avirulent La Sota strain of NDV was the poorest interferon inducer, the virulent Hertfordshire strain manifested a very good inducing potency. However, the most virulent J.B. strain virus was a poorer interferon inducer than the Hertfordshire strain. This should not be viewed as contradictory to the conclusion of the correlation between virulence and interferon-inducing ability of NDV since the highly virulent strain might destroy faster the interferon-producing cells, before the latter produced the maximum interferon quantity which they potentially could produce.     

Impact of Resolution and Texture of Laser Scanning Generated Three-Dimensional Models on Landmark Identification

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the resolution and texture of three-dimensional (3D) models created through laser scanning on the measurement error (ME) of craniometric landmarks. Ten skulls were scanned at five different resolutions, and the generated 3D models were exported with and without texture. The 3D coordinates of 28 landmarks were derived. Each landmark was picked five times by one observer. The ME of a definite landmark was calculated as an average of distances between the repeated placements of the landmark by the observer and the landmark centroid. One-way analysis of variance was applied for detection of significant differences in the MEs between and within landmark types recorded at different resolutions. The MEs of landmark types in textured and nontextured models were compared by a paired test. Twelve linear measurements were calculated as interlandmark distances, and their values obtained on the models of different resolution were compared. The Frankfurt horizontal plane was constructed for each model and its deviation was calculated at different resolutions. Scan resolution impacted MEs of Type 1 and Type 2 landmarks but not the precision level of Type 3 landmarks. Texture most influenced the precise identification of Type 1 landmarks. The interlandmark distances between Type 2 landmarks were most consistent in their values, those between Type 1 landmarks showed deviations in low-resolution models, and distances between Type 3 landmarks demonstrated various patterns of transition of the values throughout the resolutions. Altogether, the use of textured high-resolution models would be preferable in morphometric studies. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1950–1965, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy     

Correction to: Squamous suture obliteration: frequency and investigation of the associated skull morphology

Anatomical Science International - In the original publication of the article, the word “complimentary”.     

Squamous suture obliteration: frequency and investigation of the associated skull morphology

Anatomical Science International - This study aimed to investigate the frequency of squamous suture (SqS) obliteration, to estimate the involvement of the major calvarial sutures and those...