We previously synthesized several series of compounds, based on the 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole scaffold, that showed activity preventing the formation of
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Here, we further studied the activity spectrum of a number of the most active
N1- and 2
N-substituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles against a broad panel of biofilms formed by monospecies and mixed species of bacteria and fungi. An
N1-substituted compound showed very strong activity against the biofilms formed by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and the fungus
Candida albicans but was previously shown to be toxic against various eukaryotic cell lines. In contrast, 2
N-substituted compounds were nontoxic and active against biofilms formed by Gram-negative bacteria and
C. albicans but had reduced activity against biofilms formed by Gram-positive bacteria. In an attempt to develop nontoxic compounds with potent activity against biofilms formed by Gram-positive bacteria for application in antibiofilm coatings for medical implants, we synthesized novel compounds with substituents at both the
N1 and 2
N positions and tested these compounds for antibiofilm activity and toxicity. Interestingly, most of these
N1-,2
N-disubstituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles showed very strong activity against biofilms formed by Gram-positive bacteria and
C. albicans in various setups with biofilms formed by monospecies and mixed species but lost activity against biofilms formed by Gram-negative bacteria. In light of application of these compounds as anti-infective coatings on orthopedic implants, toxicity against two bone cell lines and the functionality of these cells were tested. The
N1-,2
N-disubstituted 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazoles in general did not affect the viability of bone cells and even induced calcium deposition. This indicates that modulating the substitution pattern on positions
N1 and 2
N of the 5-aryl-2-aminoimidazole scaffold allows fine-tuning of both the antibiofilm activity spectrum and toxicity.
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