OVERHEATING IN BED AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN MANY COMMON DERMATOSES

Background. Extensive questioning of patients with a wide variety of skin disorders led to the impression that nocturnal overheating was probably an important factor in the initiation and the perpetuation of many skin disorders. Methods. In order to test the hypothesis, 12 “clean-skinned” subjects (6M/6F) aged 18 to 45 years were monitored electronically every 30 seconds during an 8 hour sleep period (2300 to 0700 hours), sleeping under a standard 10 tog duvet. Results. All the subjects were too hot by 3 to 4°C. All showed changes in their EEG patterns with reduced REM sleep, increased awakenings, and all showed changes in their sleep stage patterns. In addition, they all showed evidence of increased sweating in the “heat-sink” area. Conclusions. The mechanisms where by such changes could be implicated in the precipitation and perpetuation of skin disease are discussed. “Lifestyle” modification as a very effective, noninvasive, therapeutic regime is recommended. Further research along these lines would probably be very valuable and instructive.     

A simple method for the isolation and culture of epithelial and stromal cells from benign and neoplastic prostates

Objectives. Current primary prostate cell culture techniques use an overnight digestion or extensive media preparation. In this report, we describe a method for the culture of benign and neoplastic cells from human prostatectomy specimens that is rapid and contains no undefined factors in the medium.Methods. Characterization of the human cultured prostate cells was performed using immunohistochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 8, as well as monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the exclusive epithelial and stromal cell products, c-met and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), respectively. Electron microscopy was performed to assess the cell junctions and morphologic features of epithelial cells. Optimum cell growth in different media was tested using a cell replication assay.Results. Microscopic evidence revealed that the cells demonstrate typical epithelial morphology, with polyhedral cells forming tight junctions in a continuous monolayer. Desmosomes were present in electron micrographs of epithelial cells. The cultured epithelial cells described in this report also demonstrate positive cytokeratin staining. The epithelial cells reacted positively with PSA antibody, indicating that the cells retain their secretory role in cell culture for a limited period. Epithelial cells expressed the HGF receptor, c-met; stromal cells secreted HGF. Insulin, transferrin, and selenium increased the growth of cells in the chemically defined media, compared with minimum essential media (MEM) and Ham's F12.Conclusions. In summary, essentially pure cultures of prostate stromal or epithelial cells have been established using simple isolation and culture methods. These cells will be useful for the investigation of related growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor II, and in understanding the basis for stromal-epithelial cell interactions.     

Treatment of refractoriness to platelet transfusion by protein A column therapy

Ten thrombocytopenic patients (platelets < 10–24 × 10(9)/L) who were refractory to platelet transfusion were investigated for their responsiveness to staphylococcal protein A column therapy. Nine patients had previously been treated with steroids, intravenous immune globulin, and/or other forms of immunosuppressive therapy without improvement in their transfusion response. All patients were receiving multiple platelet transfusions without achieving 1-hour corrected count increments (CCIs) > or = 7500. Eight patients had antibodies that reacted with platelets and were directed against HLA class I antigens, ABO antigens, and/or platelet-specific alloantigens. Plasma (500-2000 mL) from each patient was passed over a protein A silica gel column and then returned to the patient. Patients received from 1 to 14 treatments. A positive response to protein A therapy was defined as at least a doubling of the pretreatment platelet count and/or two successive 10- to 120-minute posttransfusion CCIs > or = 7500. Following plasma treatments, 6 of 10 patients responded with daily platelet counts that averaged 48 +/− 11 × 10(9) per L as compared with counts of 16 +/− 7 × 10(9) per L (p < 0.0005) before treatment. Posttransfusion CCI values determined in four of these patients averaged 2480 +/− 810 and 10,010 +/− 3540 (p < 0.005) before and after treatment, respectively. In contrast, among the four unresponsive patients, platelet counts averaged 10 +/− 9 and 13 +/− 10 × 10(9) per L (p = NS), respectively, while posttransfusion CCIs were 700 +/− 1410 and 1520 +/− 2460 (p = NS), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Interleukin 4 receptor targeted cytotoxicity: genetic construction and in vivo immunosuppressive activity of a diphtheria toxin-related murine interleukin 4 fusion protein.

The interleukin 4 (IL 4) receptor is expressed on various cells of the immune system, including T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and mast cells. We have constructed a recombinant protein, DAB389-mIL 4, that is composed of the enzymatically active and membrane translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused to murine IL 4. We demonstrate that this fusion toxin selectively inhibits protein synsthesis in eukaryotic cells which express the murine IL 4 receptor. The cytotoxic potency of this fusion toxin is shown to be directly proportional to the reported number of IL 4 receptors on the surface of target cells. Since the action of DAB389-mIL 4 can be blocked with either excess mIL 4 or antibody to mIL 4, we conclude that its entry into target cells is mediated through the mIL 4 receptor. A mutant form of DAB389-mIL 4, DA(197)B389-mIL 4, in which the fragment A-associated ADP-ribosyltransferase is inactive, is not cytotoxic to murine IL 4 receptor-bearing cells. Finally, we demonstrate that DAB389-mIL 4 administered subcutaneously to DBA/2 mice results in suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH); whereas, the non-toxic DA(197)B389-mIL 4 fails to dampen the DTH response.