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1.
Decreases in sex hormone levels with menopause may bring about a number of consequences in women's general health and sexual well-being, especially when levels decline suddenly and prematurely, as in surgical menopause. In addition to the well-established role of estrogens in preserving the biological basis of sexual response, there is emerging evidence that androgens are significant independent determinants affecting sexual desire, activity and satisfaction, as well as mood, energy and other components of women's health. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), a persistent absence of sexual fantasies or thoughts and/or desire for and receptivity to sexual activity that causes personal distress, is experienced by some postmenopausal women. Even though conventional hormone therapy with estrogens or estrogens and progestogens may be effective for vaginal atrophy, increasing vaginal lubrication and reducing dyspareunia, it has not been shown to consistently increase sexual desire or activity and many women with sexual dysfunction remain unresponsive. Several recent, large, phase III studies have shown that the addition of transdermal testosterone to conventional hormone therapy can be helpful in surgically menopausal women presenting with HSDD. After 24 weeks of treatment in these studies, testosterone-treated women experienced significantly greater increases in satisfying sexual activity and sexual desire, and greater decreases in distress, than placebo-treated women. Accurate clinical assessment and individualized management of sexual symptoms are fundamentally important for all menopausal women with HSDD or other sexual problems. 相似文献
2.
Sonja Olin Lauritzen 《Sociology of health & illness》1997,19(4):436-456
This paper is concerned with mothers’ understandings of child health in their young babies. To explore how child health is depicted, explained and contextualised by mothers, altogether 29 mothers in Stockholm and London were interviewed through the baby's first months about day-to-day experiences of the baby's health and well-being. The analysis of the mothers’ accounts reveals how the mothers, in the process of assessing health, try to ‘read’ the bodily signs and reactions in their babies. Some major themes emerge on how the mothers identify and characterise threats to the health of the baby; here described as threats of abnormalities, threats to the survival of the baby, threats to the thriving of the baby and threats from illnesses. Notions of child health are discussed in relation to the ‘bodily’ and the ‘social’, and how the embodied images of child health are intertwined with the mothers’ presentations of themselves as responsible for the health of their children and as ‘worthy’ parents. 相似文献
3.
Sonja H?ller Claudia Valenta 《European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics》2007,66(1):120-126
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of different drugs exhibiting different solubility on the viscoelastic properties and on the skin diffusion profile of a ringing gel. In a preliminary rheology study with the placebo gel predominating elastic properties were confirmed and a temperature influence was indicated. Fluconazole, fludrocortisone-acetate, flumethasone-pivalate, flutamide and flufenamic-acid each 1% (w/w) were incorporated into the preparation and oscillatory measurements were performed at temperatures of 25, 28, 32 and 37 degrees C. In all drug containing formulations a high elastic G' value predominated the viscous G' value. The highest G' value could be obtained with the incorporated flumethasone-pivalate. Additionally in almost all cases the G' values decreased with increasing temperature compared to the placebo gel. Additionally in vitro standard diffusion experiments using Franz-type cells and porcine skin were performed. Following rank order of the cumulative drug release after 48 h was obtained: fluconazole>flufenamic-acid>flumethasone-pivalate>flutamide>fludrocortisone-acetate. Furthermore an excellent chemical stability of all incorporated drugs was confirmed over 10 weeks. 相似文献
4.
Dysphoric Rumination Impairs Concentration on Academic Tasks 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Three studies investigated the effects of dysphoric rumination on concentration during 3 academic tasks—reading a passage from the GRE (Study 1), watching a videotaped lecture (Study 2), and proofreading written text (Study 3). Before performing these tasks, dysphoric and nondysphoric students were induced either to ruminate about themselves or to distract themselves by focusing on neutral images (all three studies) or by planning an event (Study 1). The results supported our hypothesis that dysphoric rumination, relative to distraction, would impair students' concentration. In all 3 studies, dysphoric ruminators reported difficulty concentrating, as well as interfering thoughts, during the relevant academic tasks. Furthermore, dysphoric ruminators were slower than dysphoric distractors in completing the tasks—specifically, reading the GRE passage (Study 1) and answering lecture comprehension questions (Study 2). In addition, dysphoric participants who ruminated showed impaired reading strategies (Study 1), reduced comprehension of academic material (Study 2), and poor proofreading performance (Study 3). These findings suggest that, in addition to its documented adverse effects on mood, thinking, and problem-solving, self-focused rumination interferes with instrumental behavior. Implications for social relationships and job performance are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Sonja A Kotz Stefan Frisch D Yves von Cramon Angela D Friederici 《Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society》2003,9(7):1053-1060
The role of the basal ganglia in syntactic language processing was investigated with event-related brain potentials in fourteen neurologically impaired patients. Seven of these patients had basal ganglia lesions while 7 other patients primarily had lesions of the left temporo-parietal region excluding the basal ganglia. All patients listened to sentences that were either correct or included a verb argument structure violation. In previous experiments this type of violation elicited a biphasic pattern of an N400-P600 complex in young healthy participants. While the N400 may result from incorrect semantic-thematic role assignment, the P600 reflects the fact that verb information does not license the syntactic structure at present. Results of the patient experiment revealed a double dissociation: patients with left temporo-parietal lesions only show a P600, whereas patients with lesions of the basal ganglia showed no P600, but a negativity with extended duration that resembled an N400. The latter pattern not only confirms previous reports that the basal ganglia modulate the P600 but extends these results by showing that the N400 as a late semantic-thematic integration process appears partially modulated by the basal ganglia. 相似文献
6.
n
= 9) should be regarded as a palliative measure. Within a short period, CT-guided aspiration led to recurrence of symptoms
in seven of our patients. Standard treatment of NPHC is fenestration with widest possible excision of the cystic wall, which
can be performed laparoscopically (
n
= 10) or by the conventional surgical mode (
n
= 54). One patient was initially operated by the laparoscopic technique but developed bleeding, which necessitated conversion
to the open mode. Three patients underwent synchronous laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Recurrence rates were similar: 11% in
the laparoscopically treated group and 13% in the group that underwent conventional open surgery. Conventional surgical treatment
was always successful in cases of solitary cysts. However, in cases of multiple cysts measuring more than 5 cm, conventional
surgery was followed by recurrence of symptoms in 26% of patients (7/27), who then had to undergo a second operation. Partial
resection of the liver (
n
= 9) was successfully performed in cases of polycystic disease (
n
= 5) with concomitant enlargement of the organ as well as in cases of large solitary cysts of the left lobe of the liver (
n
= 4). In patients in whom we found that the cysts communicated with the ductal system (
n
= 3), we performed a cystojejunostomy to drain the bile. The complication rate was low. In addition to frequent postoperative
ascites, which necessitated no further intervention, we observed infectious complications in four patients. Twenty patients
(22%) expired during a mean follow-up period of 6.2 years. Interestingly, deaths were frequently associated with malignancy
(11/20). After fenestration of multiple cysts measuring > 5 cm, the patients are at high risk for recurrence. Hence partial
resection of the liver is an excellent therapeutic alternative in selected patients with polycystic disease and massive enlargement
of the organ in whom the disease could not be controlled by simple fenestration. The results of this study show that laparoscopic
fenestration should replace the conventional surgical technique as the gold standard in cases of NPHC because the laparoscopic
technique is less stressful for the patient and is associated with a rate of success similar to that of the conventional technique. 相似文献
7.
Oguzkan Sürücü Ulrich Sure Sabine Gaetzner Sonja Stahl Ludwig Benes Helmut Bertalanffy Ute Felbor 《Child's nervous system》2006,22(11):1461-1464
Introduction and background A 3-year-old Bosnian girl with a large symptomatic brainstem and multiple supratentorial cavernous angiomas, who underwent neurosurgical treatment, is presented. As multiple cavernomas are more common in familial cases, genetic analyses and neuroradiological imaging were performed in the patient and her parents to see whether there was any evidence for inheritance. This information is important for genetic counseling and provision of medical care for at-risk relatives. Currently, no recommendation is available on how to manage these cases.Results Genetic analyses demonstrated a novel CCM1 frameshift mutation (c.1683_1684insA; p.V562SfsX6) in the child and the asymptomatic 27-year-old mother. Sensitive gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging of the mother revealed multiple supratentorial lesions, whereas analogous imaging of the father showed no pathological findings.Conclusion This case exemplifies that seemingly sporadic cases with multiple lesions might well be hereditary and that presymptomatic genetic testing of family members may identify relatives for whom clinical and neuroradiological monitoring is indicated. 相似文献
8.
The aim of this study was to investigate the allergenic potency of the exotic fruit lychee (Litchi chinensis SONN.). For this purpose the lychee protein extract was separated by ion exchange chromatography and a purified allergen with a molecular weight of 28 kDa was identified by N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting. Both methods determined the lychee allergen as a triose-phosphate isomerase. To this protein 67% of patients showed allergic reactions respectively IgE binding of their sera. Similar enzymes from other plants were also recognized as allergens. 相似文献
9.
Ralf-Peter Vonberg Sabine Stamm-Balderjahn Sonja Hansen Irina Zuschneid Henning Ruden Michael Behnke Petra Gastmeier 《Infection control and hospital epidemiology》2006,27(10):1123-1127
A systematic search was performed to identify outbreaks of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection and colonization caused by healthcare workers (HCWs). Of 191 outbreaks identified, 11 had strong epidemiological evidence that HCWs were the source. In 3 of these outbreaks, asymptomatic carriers were the cause. The frequent practice of screening asymptomatic HCWs should be reconsidered. 相似文献
10.
Sonja Von Aulock Susanne Deininger Christian Draing Katja Gueinzius Oliver Dehus Corinna Hermann 《Journal of interferon & cytokine research》2006,26(12):887-892
Immune defense capacity differs between men and women. Whereas men are more prone to infection and sepsis, women more commonly develop autoimmune diseases. We investigated the difference in cytokine secretion between males and females in response to different immune stimuli. Whole blood from 154 healthy volunteers (age 24 +/- 5.2; 82 females, 72 males) was collected within 2 h on 2 consecutive days. Blood from males produced significantly more tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and IL-8 than blood from females in response to a high concentration of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA), whereas IL-10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion did not differ. Normalization of cytokine measurement to individual monocyte counts cancelled these differences for all parameters except TNF-alpha. Stimulation with a lower concentration of LPS (100 pg/mL) produced even stronger differences in cytokine release, which were not cancelled by normalization to the producing cells. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the LPS-induced and LTA-induced cytokine responses were higher in blood from women than men for all parameters and stimuli measured. Thus, the stronger innate immune response of males in comparison to females appears to stem not only from a difference in monocyte counts but also from the steepness of the response curve. 相似文献