2014—2018年黄山市淋病疫情流行特征分析

目的分析2014-2018年黄山市淋病的流行特征,为全市的淋病防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集黄山市2014—2018年的淋病数据、人口数据,进行统计分析。结果2014—2018年黄山市累计报告淋病病例761例,年均发病率为11.09/10万,年均增长率为29.14%,发病率呈逐年上升趋势(χ^2趋势=112.29,P<0.05)。淋病的人群分布中,男女报告病例数之比为13.63:1,男女发病率有统计学差异(χ^2=113.18,P<0.05);15~49岁年龄组病例数最多,占85.94%,职业以农民最多,占44.81%;以屯溪区、歙县报告病例数较多,分别占37.45%、23.26%。结论2014—2018年黄山市淋病发病率呈上升趋势,淋病防控形势严峻,需进一步完善各项防控措施。     

2-cyclohexene-1-one-induced hyperglycemia in the mice

2-Cyclohexene-1-one (CHX) dose-dependently caused the elevation of blood glucose levels in both fed and fasted mice. Adrenalectomy considerably prevented the elevated blood glucose with CHX, and plasma adrenaline assays revealed about a three- to fifteen-fold rise after CHX treatment. These findings indicate that the CHX-induced hyperglycemia may be largely mediated by adrenaline released from the adrenal medulla.     

The Protective Role of Glutathione, Cysteine and Vitamin C against Oxidative DNA Damage Induced in Rat Kidney by Potassium Bromate

The roles of glutathione (GSH), cysteine, vitamin C., liposome-encapsulated superoxide dismutase (L-SOD) and vitamin E in preventing oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity in the rat kidney after administration of potassium bromate (KBrO₃) to male F344 rats were investigated by measuring 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), an oxidative DNA product, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and relative kidney weight (RKW). Combined pre- and posttreatment of animals with 2 × 800 mg/kg GSH i.p. inhibited the increase of 8-OH-dG, LPO levels and RKW caused by 80 mg/kg KBrO₃ i.p. administration. In contrast, pretreatment with 0.3 ml/kg diethylmaleate (DEM) i.p., a depletor of tissue GSH, was associated with elevation of 8-OH-dG, LPO levels and RKW after a 20 mg/kg KBrO₃ i.p. treatment, which itself caused no change. Administration of KBrO₃ itself reduced renal non-protein thiol levels, but this was inhibited by the two doses of exogenous GSH. Combined treatment with DEM and KBrO₃ lowered the non-protein thiol level in the kidney more than did DEM treatment alone. Protective effects against the oxidative damage caused by KBrO₃ were also observed for pre- and posttreatment with 400 mg/kg cysteine i.p., another sulfhydryl compound, and daily i.g. application of 200 mg/kg vitamin C for 5 days. However, no influence was evident after pre- and posttreatment with 18,000 U/kg L-SOD i.p. or daily i.g. 100 mg/kg of vitamin E for 5 days. The results suggest that intracellular GSH plays an essential protective role against renal oxidative DNA damage and nephrotoxicity caused by KBrO₃.     

黄芪天麻对老年心脑血管疾病患者发中微量元素影响的研究

黄芪、天麻中含有较丰富地人体必需微量元素。而人体内的微量元素含量的多少与生长、发育、健康、衰老及心脑血管疾病的发生和防治等均有密切关系。我们检查了３９例健康老年人及９８例患有心脑血管疾病老年人头发中的６种微量元素，上述病人在服用黄芪、天麻前后头发中微量元素的变化。研究结果表明黄芪、天麻对调节体内微量元素的含量，预防和治疗心脑血管疾病有较好地效果。     

Biosynthesis and secretion of the third component of complement by human endothelial cells in vitro.

The third component of complement (C3) is synthesized and released by cultured human capillary endothelial cells. After the incubation of cells in a methionine-free medium containing 35S-methionine for 48 hr, culture supernatants were immunoprecipitated with anti-human C3 serum. SDS solubilization and 2-ME reduction of the immunoprecipitates, followed by separation with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, revealed two major bands comparable to those of the alpha and beta chains of human C3. The content of C3 in the culture medium harvested at different time-intervals was determined by ELISA. The C3 secretion rate was about 250 ng/10(6) cells/5 days in the primary culture medium and 75 ng/10(6) cells/5 days after seven passages. The capillary endothelial cells described here have factor VIIIRAg specific for endothelial cells, and exhibit ring formation resembling capillary lumina, but they lack Weibel-Palade bodies.     

GJB2: the spectrum of deafness-causing allele variants and their phenotype

Genetic testing was completed on 1,294 persons with deafness referred to the Molecular Otolaryngology Research Laboratories to establish a diagnosis of DFNB1. Exon 2 of GJB2 was screened for coding sequence allele variants by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) complemented by bidirectional sequencing. If two deafness-causing mutations of GJB2 (encoding Connexin 26) were identified, further screening was not performed. If only a single deafness-causing mutation was identified, we screened for the g.1777179_2085947del (hereafter called del(GJB6-D13S1830); GenBank NT_024524.13) and mutations in the noncoding region of GJB2. Phenotype-genotype correlations were evaluated by categorizing mutations as either protein truncating or nontruncating. A total of 205 persons carried two GJB2 exon 2 mutations and were diagnosed as having DFNB1; 100 persons carried only a single deafness-causing allele variant of exon 2. A total of 37 of these persons were c.35delG carriers, and 51 carried other allele variants of GJB2. Persons diagnosed with DFNB1 segregating two truncating/nonsense mutations had a more severe phenotype than persons carrying two missense mutations, with mean hearing impairments being 88 and 37%, respectively (P < 0.05). The number of deaf c.35delG carriers was greater than expected when compared to the c.35delG carrier frequency in normal-hearing controls (P < 0.05), suggesting the existence of at least one other mutation outside the GJB2 coding region that does not complement GJB2 deafness-causing allele variants.     

Beta-2-adrenoceptor agonists as inhibitors of lung vascular permeability to radiolabelled transferrin in the adult respiratory distress syndrome in man

Increased lung vascular permeability leading to increased plasma protein extravasation and accumulation (PPA) is a characteristic feature of acute lung injury. Using a previously described technique, PPA was monitored in the lungs of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) — an extreme example of acute lung injury in man. An external radiation probe detector was used to monitor the pulmonary accumulation of the plasma protein transferrin radiolabelled in-vivo with ^113mIn. Ten patients with ARDS exhibiting increased PPA indices (>1.0x10^-3/min) were given an intravenous infusion of terbutaline (7 g/kg) over 30 min. Of the four patients in whom the post-drug PPA indices remained within the ARDS range, none survived, whilst five of the six patients in whom the post-drug PPA indices were reduced to below 1.0x10^-3/min survived. PPA indices prior to the administration of terbutaline were not significantly different between the survivor (n=5) and non-survivor (n=5) groups. There was a significant decrease in the PPA indices following terbutaline in survivors (p<0.01) but not in non-survivors. Thus beta-2-agonists in therapeutic doses can inhibit increased lung vascular permeability in man. These findings may have prognostic and therapeutic implication for beta-2-agonists in ARDS.     

NLRP3炎症小体与糖尿病心肌病的关系及中医药调控研究进展

糖尿病心肌病（DCM）是糖尿病的并发症之一,是指发生在糖尿病中,其发病机制区别于其他心血管疾病如冠心病、心脏瓣膜病、亦或先天性心脏病的一种特发类心肌病,亦是多年以来糖尿病患者的主要致死病因之一。研究表明,DCM的发病机制与胰岛素抵抗、多种炎症反应激活、氧化应激增加、冠状动脉微循环受阻、晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）积累等过程有密切联系。而在多种炎症反应中,NOD样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体激活可通过炎症的级联反应诱导分泌出大量促炎细胞因子,继而介导细胞焦亡过程,促进心肌损伤。目前基于NLRP3炎症小体在DCM损伤防治重要作用功能,国内外开展了大量中医药实验研究,证明了黄芪多糖、人参皂苷Rb₁等中药提取物或单味中药如云芝、冬虫夏草亦或抵挡汤、加味桃核承气汤等组方制剂及针刺、中医运动疗法等可通过调控NLRP3炎症小体的相关通路从而抑制其组装或激活,降低炎症反应,进而抑制DCM中心肌的重构,改善DCM的心脏功能。该文就NLRP3炎症小体与DCM的关系及中医药在此领域中发挥抗炎效应的研究进展进行综述,旨在为DCM开发治疗手段提供新的思路。     

大气颗粒物浓度对流感样病例发病关联性研究

目的 探讨大气颗粒物浓度对合肥市流感样病例发病情况的影响.方法 对2014-2017年合肥市流感监测流感样发病例数及同期大气颗粒物(PM2.5PM10),应用分布滞后非线性模型分析两者关系及其滞后效应.结果 流感样病例发病与PM2.5PM10呈正相关(r= 0.10,P＜0.001)与湿度呈负相关(r =-0.09,P = 0.001),其中PM2.5浓度对流感样病例人群的滞后3日和4日有显著影响,其超额死亡风险(ER)分别为0.115％(95％CI:0.016％～1.002％)、0.116％(95％CI:0.002％～1.002％),双污染模型中,纳入其他气态污染物后,模型均表现无统计学意义.结论 PM2.5可能是流感样病例发病的重要影响因素.