Volume et profil de consommation d’alcool des élèves et des camarades scolaires comme prédicteurs de l’agression et de la victimisation: une analyse multiniveaux auprès d’adolescents suisses

Volume and profile of alcohol consumption among students and classmates as predictors of aggression and victimization: a multilevel analysis among Swiss adolescents

Objective:  

To test the effects of the volume of alcohol consumption and drinking patterns on alcohol-related aggression and victimization, both at the individual and class levels.     

Ventilation imaging of the lung: Comparison of hyperpolarized helium-3 MR imaging with Xe-133 scintigraphy

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare hyperpolarized helium-3 (HHe) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung with standard Xe-133 lung ventilation scintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 15 subjects who underwent HHe MRI and Xe-133 lung ventilation imaging. Coronal MRI sections were acquired after a single inhalation of HHe gas, and standard posterior planar lung ventilation scintigraphy was performed during continuous breathing of Xe-133 gas. The first breath scintigram of each patient was compared with a composite MR image composed of the sum of the individual MR images and with the individual helium-3 MR images. Ventilation defects on the two imaging modalities were compared for size, conspicuity, and concordance in presence and location. Assessment was done separately for each of four lung quadrants. RESULTS: Comparing the composite HHe MR images with Xe-133 scintigraphy, ventilation defect size, conspicuity and concordance were the same in 67% (40/60), 63% (38/60), and 62% (37/60) quadrants, respectively. Comparing the individual HHe MR image sections with the Xe-133 ventilation scan, there was concordance between the ventilation defects in 27% (16/60) of quadrants. More defects were identified on the individual HHe MR images in 62% (37/60) of quadrants. CONCLUSION: There was good agreement between composite HHe MR image and first breath Xe-133 scintigraphic images, supporting the widely held assumption that HHe MRI likely depicts first breath lung ventilation.     

Intramedulläre Schienung von Klavikulafrakturen

In the assessment of fractures of the distal radius it is important to recognize the possible late sequelae and evaluate them appropriately; in particular the symptom “pain” must be given its correct weighting. The initial physical lesion must be known. When radiological alterations are evaluated due consideration must be given to their implications for later function. Even when the situation is hopeful in terms of anatomy and function, further sequelae of the injury, such as incongruence or rupture of the inferior radioulnar joint, damage to the meniscus of the inferior radioulnar joint, axis shifts, rejection of the joint surfaces involved, ligamentous intability, neural lesions, complex pain syndrome or rupture of the long extensor tendon of the thumb need to be borne in mind, The implications of all these are presented, as are the time-frame for convalenscence, the period of unfitness for work and any examination procedures that might be necessary for the assessment; in conclusion recommendations on assessment within the contexts of legally required and of private accident insurance are given.     

Problem Fersenbeinfraktur

This retrospective analysis of data collected by the Workers’ Compensation Board for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering of Braunschweig on 42 patients (39 male, 3 female, average age 44 years) seen between 2004 and 2006 with unilateral, isolated calcaneal fractures sustained during work-related accidents and followed from the initial incident report until the first assessment of whether a pension might be justified. The median height of the falla involved was under 2 m. In 27 patients with displaced fractures operative treatment was performed, and in 17 patients the treatment was conservative. The median duration of treatment was 7.5 months. At the time of the first assessment for a pension movement in the upper ankle joint was restricted by an average of 40% and that in the talo-calcaneal joint by 50% compared with the contralateral side. The decrease in earning capacity averaged 19%. The average total cost of treatment per case up to this point was 25,540.-- euros, 61% of which was accounted for by orthotics, rehabilitation and social insurance contributions, 24% by in-patient treatment and 14% by out-patient treatment. Thus, treatment outcomes following calcaneal fractures are still unsatisfactory, resulting in extended absence from work, high costs and high rates of unfitness for work. Immediately after this diagnosis a case manager should be assigned to the patient in an attempt to improve outcomes.     

The synthesis and localization of alternatively spliced fibronectin EIIIB in resting and thrombin-treated megakaryocytes

There are several species of alternatively spliced fibronectin (FN). One of these, FN EIIIB, is primarily present in embryonic and in proliferating and migrating cells and is believed to be important for cell maturation. We have studied the synthesis, localization, and secretion of this FN isoform in isolated guinea pig megakaryocytes, nonmegakaryocytic bone marrow cells, and platelets. There was 7.5 times more general FN in megakaryocytes than in nonmegakaryocytic cells based on the analysis of equivalent amounts of protein. FN EIIIB was detected by Western blotting in megakaryocytes but not in nonmegakaryocytic cells present in bone marrow. Neither megakaryocytes nor platelets secreted FN EIIIB, while megakaryocytes secreted 25.3% +/- 4.6% general FN and platelets secreted about 61% general FN in response to thrombin. Analysis of immunostained cells by confocal microscopy revealed that FN EIIIB had been redistributed to the surface of megakaryocytes in response to thrombin. Synthesis was studied by metabolic labeling, and megakaryocytes were shown to synthesize FN and FN EIIIB. Thus, megakaryocytes and platelets are among a small number of adult cells and tissues that synthesize and contain FN EIIIB. The expression of FN EIIIB on the megakaryocyte surface may influence migration and maturation.