全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2498篇 |
免费 | 120篇 |
国内免费 | 18篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 83篇 |
儿科学 | 130篇 |
妇产科学 | 187篇 |
基础医学 | 216篇 |
口腔科学 | 102篇 |
临床医学 | 184篇 |
内科学 | 470篇 |
皮肤病学 | 31篇 |
神经病学 | 153篇 |
特种医学 | 148篇 |
外科学 | 576篇 |
综合类 | 30篇 |
预防医学 | 44篇 |
眼科学 | 97篇 |
药学 | 84篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 96篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 69篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 67篇 |
2018年 | 78篇 |
2017年 | 82篇 |
2016年 | 101篇 |
2015年 | 117篇 |
2014年 | 120篇 |
2013年 | 179篇 |
2012年 | 204篇 |
2011年 | 238篇 |
2010年 | 118篇 |
2009年 | 111篇 |
2008年 | 190篇 |
2007年 | 206篇 |
2006年 | 197篇 |
2005年 | 163篇 |
2004年 | 121篇 |
2003年 | 89篇 |
2002年 | 46篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2636条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
BACKGROUND: Posterior spinal procedures through tubular exposures have been described. However, tubes restrain visibility and require co-axial instrument manipulation, increasing difficulty and potentially compromising surgical results. An independent-blade retractor system overcomes the obstacles of working through a tube and has been used to perform minimally-disruptive decompression and instrumented tranforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). PURPOSE: To evaluate the advantages to patient recovery and surgical efficacy of this technique. METHODS/RESULTS: Retrospective review of technique employing a minimally-disruptive approach to decompression and transforaminal lumber interbody fusion (TLIF). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally-disruptive decompression and instrumented TLIF can be performed in a safe and effective manner using an independent-blade retractor system. Relative to traditional-open techniques, surgical goals can be accomplished, but with the benefits of minimally-disruptive surgery. 相似文献
2.
Feza Karakayali Nihan Haberal Hale Tufan Nesrin Hasirci Ozgur Basaran Sinasi Sevmis Aydin Akdur Aysel Kiziltay Mehmet Haberal 《Journal of investigative surgery》2007,20(3):167-173
Tranilast is an antiallergic drug that interferes with proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). We investigated the local effect of tranilast on neointimal hyperplasia using tranilast-coated prosthetic grafts. The inner sides of the thin-walled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts were coated with chitosan and tranilast containing chitosan solution. Wistar albino rats (32) were used in the study. Patches (1 x 2 mm) for vascular grafts were prepared. Three groups were tested: group 1 (n = 12; tranilast coated), group 2 (n = 10; adhesive-only film-layer-coated), and group 3 (n = 10; normal ePTFE patch grafts sutured to the carotid arteries of the rats). Recipient sites of the carotid arteries were excised 4 weeks after surgery. All sections were examined histologically for graft patency, thrombus formation, and neointimal thickness. Expression of PDGF, fibroblast growth factor, and TGF-beta1 on cross-sections of the neointima were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. No significant differences were found regarding mean neointimal thicknesses. PDGF and TGF-beta-1 expressions were significantly lower in group 1. Although a decrease in local effect of tranilast was observed for growth factor expressions at a drug concentration of 0.05 mg/cm(2), a significant reduction in neointimal hyperplasia was not achieved. The coating concentration of 0.05 mg/cm(2) may have been too low to produce an antiproliferative effect. Given our promising results, further studies are recommended and planned using different drug concentrations and time intervals. 相似文献
3.
4.
Organ-specific autoimmune endocrine disorders may present as single diseases or may occur together in polyendocrine syndromes. We present a report of 23-year-old female with Graves' disease and concurrent hypocalcemia. As she lacked other specific features of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes, the most likely diagnosis was Graves' disease coexisting with autoimmune hypoparathyroidism. 相似文献
5.
Mete Isikoglu Kemal Ozgur Sergio Oehninger Sebahat Ozdem Murat Seleker 《Gynecological endocrinology》2006,22(5):256-260
BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine whether serum concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) can be used as a tool for prediction of the efficacy of sperm retrieval. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort observational study. AMH levels were determined in 47 men presenting for infertility evaluation. Group 1 consisted of 24 infertile patients diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia. Group 1 was further divided into two subgroups. The patients with spermatozoa in their testicular samples constituted group 1a (n = 13), while the patients with absence of spermatozoa constituted group 1b (n = 11). Twenty-three normozoospermic fertile men constituted group 2. Serum AMH was measured before obtaining testicular specimens. RESULTS: Testicular spermatozoa were recovered in 13 out of the 24 patients (54%). Demographic characteristics of the three groups were similar. The difference between serum AMH levels among the three groups did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: We speculated that although AMH is secreted predominantly into the seminiferous tubules, studying serum samples might be more advantageous than seminal plasma because the presence of seminal proteases could influence AMH levels in the latter. However, our results did not demonstrate differences in serum concentrations of AMH between the studied groups. Studies with extended patient populations focusing on seminal plasma concentrations of AMH are warranted. 相似文献
6.
Gursel Dursun Ozan Bagis Ozgursoy Ozgur Kemal Isil Coruh 《European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology》2007,264(9):1027-1032
The purpose of this study was to present our experience with combined use of CO2 laser and cold instrumentation for Reinke’s edema surgery and to evaluate 1-year follow-up results of the technique in a
series of professional voice users. Fifteen patients with Reinke’s edema who underwent microlaryngoscopic surgery were included.
Videolaryngostroboscopy, perceptual and acoustic voice analyses were performed before and after surgery. During the 1-year
follow-up, no recurrence of Reinke’s edema was encountered. Significant postoperative improvement was obtained in the quality
of voice, in terms of GRBAS scores, Fo, jitter, shimmer and NHR. No evidence of laryngeal cancer was found on the histological
examinations. Combined use of CO2 laser and cold instrumentation provides a reliable and safe method for Reinke’s edema surgery, and cessation of smoking,
voice rest and control of the laryngopharyngeal reflux contribute to the success of surgery. We consider that the removal
of redundant mucosa of the vocal fold reduces the risk of the recurrence of Reinke’s edema and provides better quality of
voice. However, it does not imply that our method is superior to others’, but this procedure constitutes an effective treatment
of choice for Reinke’s edema patients, including professional voice users. 相似文献
7.
Ozgur O; Boyacioglu S; Ozdogan M; Gur G; Telatar H; Haberal M 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(2):289-291
Background. It is known that Helicobacter
pylori (Hp) plays an important role in gastritis and peptic
ulcer disease in the general population. Although dyspeptic complaints are
frequent in haemodialysis (HD) patients and renal transplant recipients,
there are few reports regarding the prevalence of Hp and its possible
effects on this group of patients. This study was performed to examine the
prevalence of Hp infection in patients on regular HD treatment and to
detect its role in the pathogenesis of dyspepsia in this group of patients.
Methods. Two hundred and one patients with dyspeptic
complaints were included in the study. The groups consisted of 47 HD, 54
renal transplant recipients, and 100 non-renal disease patients. Upper
gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed and gastric antral biopsies
were obtained for urease test in all patients.
Results. Twenty-eight (60%) of the 47 HD and 28 (70%)
of the 54 RTR were positive for Hp. Sixty-four (64%) of the 100 patients
with various gastrointestinal complaints and known to have no renal
dysfunction were positive for Hp. The Hp prevalences among the three groups
were not significantly different (P <0.05). The prevalence of Hp
infection did not correlate with the haemodialysis duration nor the
post-transplantation duration (P <0.05). There was no correlation
between the prevalence of Hp infection and duration of haemodialysis
therapy or time post-transplantation. Conclusion.
These findings suggest that HD patients are not protected against Hp
infection as the Hp prevalences are as high as that for the non-renal
disease group. The increased dyspeptic complaints may be partly related to
Hp infection. 相似文献
8.
Ibrahim Ercan Burak Omür Cakir Tülay Ba?ak Eltaf Ay?a Ozbal Atilla Sahin Gürhan Balci Suat Turgut 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2006,134(5):751-755
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate dose-dependent effect of the topical application of methotrexate (MTX) in rats on the normal nasal mucosa, liver tissue, liver enzymes, and hemoglobin levels. STUDY DESIGN: Preclinical animal study. SETTING: Twenty male adult wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5). A single puff of MTX (2.5 microg) was applied to both nasal cavities 2 times a day. The animals were given MTX 1 day a week in group 1, 3 days a week in group 2, and 5 days a week in group 3. Control group animals were given 1 puff of physiologic saline to both nasal cavities 5 days a week and 2 times a day. After 28 days, liver biopsies, blood samples, and 5 nasal mucosal biopsies were taken. Histological examination was made with respect to certain parameters semiquantitatively (grade 0-3). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and hemoglobin counts were studied from blood samples. RESULTS: There are no statistically significant differences with respect to histopathological parameters between the control group and the groups 1-3 (P>0.05). Histopathological examination of liver tissue did not reveal any evident difference between the control and study groups. Mean AST and ALT as liver function tests and hemoglobin counts were within normal limits. Topical application of MTX at these doses has no toxic effect on the nasal mucosa, the liver tissue, AST and ALT levels, and hemoglobin level. CONCLUSIONS: These results have been encouraging to investigate use of the topical application of MTX in nasal manifestation of autoimmune disease or addition of the topical application of MTX to the steroid treatment in cases with massive nasal polyposis resistant to steroids and prone to recurrence. 相似文献
9.
Ibrahim Ercan Burak Omür Cakir Tulin Sentürk Uzel Damlanur Sakiz Cetin Karaca Suat Turgut 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2006,135(1):52-55
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective multidisciplinary clinical study. METHODS: Forty-four adult patients who applied to our ENT clinic with LPR symptoms were evaluated. Then these patients underwent upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy and double probe pH monitoring. In addition, during the endoscopy multiple biopsies from the stomach were obtained to detect H pylori. RESULTS: Results from 32 LPR positive patients were assessed (10 male and 22 female). There were no statistically significant differences between the presence of H pylori and sex, age, degree of gastritis and esophagitis, and also the number of reflux, fractional acid exposure time regarding proximal probe readings. Similarly for both proximal and distal probe readings, the average score of esophageal acid clearance was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant difference was found between the presence of H pylori and GERD (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated that there is no relationship between gastric H pylori infection and LPR. EBM rating: B-3b. 相似文献
10.