全文获取类型
收费全文 | 778篇 |
免费 | 18篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 19篇 |
妇产科学 | 8篇 |
基础医学 | 46篇 |
口腔科学 | 11篇 |
临床医学 | 51篇 |
内科学 | 94篇 |
神经病学 | 22篇 |
特种医学 | 243篇 |
外科学 | 104篇 |
预防医学 | 73篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 28篇 |
肿瘤学 | 99篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 26篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 26篇 |
2009年 | 28篇 |
2008年 | 45篇 |
2007年 | 60篇 |
2006年 | 48篇 |
2005年 | 47篇 |
2004年 | 40篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 23篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 32篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有801条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
O. Boerman W. Oyen G. Storm M Corvo L. van Bloois J. W M van der Meer F. Corstens 《Annals of the rheumatic diseases》1997,56(6):369-373
OBJECTIVES—Liposomes sterically stabilised with polyethylene glycol (PEG) labelled with technetium-99m were tested for their ability to image adjuvant arthritis in a rat model.
METHODS—Adjuvant arthritis was induced in the ankle joint of the left hind foot by injection of Mycobacterium butyricum in Freund's incomplete adjuvant in the foot pad. Seven days later animals received the following radiopharmaceuticals labelled with 99mTc (a) non-PEG-liposomes, (b) PEG-liposomes or (c) non-specific human polyclonal IgG. For each of the radiopharmaceuticals the in vivo distribution of the radiolabel was monitored both scintigraphically as well as by counting the dissected tissues at two, eight, and 24 hours after injection.
RESULTS—The pharmacokinetics of the radiopharmaceuticals differed considerably (half life in the blood: PEG-liposomes (18 hours) > 99mTc-IgG (3 hours) > non-PEG liposomes (1 hour)). The inflamed focus was visualised with each of the agents. The uptake of each of the radiopharmaceuticals in the inflamed ankle region correlated with their residence time in the blood (inflamed joint uptake: PEG liposomes (1.15% injected dose (ID)/g)>99mTc-IgG (0.35% ID/g)>non-PEG-liposomes (0.05% ID/g)). Quantitative analysis of the images showed that the inflamed ankle to background ratio was highest with the PEG-liposomes (7.5 at 24 hours after injection), while with the other two agents this ratio did not exceed 4.
CONCLUSION—This study shows that 99mTc-labelled PEG-liposomes may be an excellent agent to visualise arthritis. Increased label uptake in the inflamed joint and increased target to background ratios can be obtained with PEG-liposomes because of their long circulating properties. In addition to their use as vehicles for scintigraphic imaging of arthritis PEG-liposomes might also be used for the site specific delivery of antirheumatic drugs.
相似文献
METHODS—Adjuvant arthritis was induced in the ankle joint of the left hind foot by injection of Mycobacterium butyricum in Freund's incomplete adjuvant in the foot pad. Seven days later animals received the following radiopharmaceuticals labelled with 99mTc (a) non-PEG-liposomes, (b) PEG-liposomes or (c) non-specific human polyclonal IgG. For each of the radiopharmaceuticals the in vivo distribution of the radiolabel was monitored both scintigraphically as well as by counting the dissected tissues at two, eight, and 24 hours after injection.
RESULTS—The pharmacokinetics of the radiopharmaceuticals differed considerably (half life in the blood: PEG-liposomes (18 hours) > 99mTc-IgG (3 hours) > non-PEG liposomes (1 hour)). The inflamed focus was visualised with each of the agents. The uptake of each of the radiopharmaceuticals in the inflamed ankle region correlated with their residence time in the blood (inflamed joint uptake: PEG liposomes (1.15% injected dose (ID)/g)>99mTc-IgG (0.35% ID/g)>non-PEG-liposomes (0.05% ID/g)). Quantitative analysis of the images showed that the inflamed ankle to background ratio was highest with the PEG-liposomes (7.5 at 24 hours after injection), while with the other two agents this ratio did not exceed 4.
CONCLUSION—This study shows that 99mTc-labelled PEG-liposomes may be an excellent agent to visualise arthritis. Increased label uptake in the inflamed joint and increased target to background ratios can be obtained with PEG-liposomes because of their long circulating properties. In addition to their use as vehicles for scintigraphic imaging of arthritis PEG-liposomes might also be used for the site specific delivery of antirheumatic drugs.
相似文献
2.
In order to draw attention to this rather rare condition affecting all age groups, 4 cases of fibroepithelial polyps of the ureter are reported. Conservative surgery is mandatory after adequate preoperative work-up. The pathological findings, incidence and diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are discussed and some etiological factors proposed. 相似文献
3.
4.
Julli?tte E M van Eerd Huub J J M Rennen Wim J G Oyen Thomas D Harris D Scott Edwards Frans H M Corstens Otto C Boerman 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2004,45(10):1747-1753
Radiolabeled chemotactic peptides have been studied for their applicability to the visualization of infectious and inflammatory foci. Because a radiolabeled leukotriene B4 (LTB4) antagonist allowed visualization of intramuscular E. coli abscesses in rabbits within a few hours after injection, we decided to test the imaging characteristics of this agent in a more clinically relevant model of pulmonary aspergillosis. The pharmacokinetics and imaging characteristics of the 111In-labeled LTB4 antagonist DPC11870 were studied in New Zealand White rabbits with experimental pulmonary aspergillosis infection. The imaging characteristics of 111In-DPC11870 were compared with those of 67Ga-citrate, a radiopharmaceutical commonly used to detect pulmonary infections in patients. METHODS: Pulmonary aspergillosis was induced in the left lung of rabbits by intratracheal inoculation of 1 x 10(8) conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus. Three days after the inoculation, the rabbits received 111In-DPC11870 or 67Ga-citrate intravenously. Images were acquired at several time points up to 24 h after injection. RESULTS: Pulmonary aspergillosis was visualized with both agents. Images acquired after injection of 111In-DPC11870 showed uptake in the pulmonary lesions from 6 h after injection. Because of accumulation at the site of infection and clearance from the background, the images improved with time. Region-of-interest analysis at 24 h after injection revealed infected lung-to-normal lung ratios of 5.0 +/- 1.5 for 111In-DPC11870 and 2.9 +/- 0.6 for 67Ga-citrate. CONCLUSION: The radiolabeled LTB4 antagonist DPC11870 clearly delineated experimentally induced pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits. Images acquired at 24 h after injection of 111In-DPC11870 were superior to those obtained after injection of 67Ga-citrate. 相似文献
5.
6.
J. R. Buscombe I. Khalkhali G. R. Mason D. Rauh J. Meatherall W. J. G. Oyen F. H. M. Corstens 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1994,21(10):1148-1150
Functional imaging is ideally suited to monitoring the effect of specific therapy on disease processes. In this pilot study five patients with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were imaged with Indium-111 labelled pooled human immunoglobulin (111In-HIG) during infection and after therapy for PCP. The lung activity of t t tln-HIG, measured as a lung/heart ratio, was calculated in a study performed during infection with PCP and after therapy. In all five patients the lung/heart ratio of t t 1ln-HIG was reduced after treatment. The mean reduction in heart/lung ratio was 27% (range 12%-53%). If these results are confirmed by a larger study, 11In-HIG will be useful in monitoring the response of PCP to therapy in patients with AIDS. 相似文献
7.
Urethral advancement is a less well known technique for the repair of distal hypospadias. We treated 37 patients with a median age of 3 years for coronal and subcoronal hypospadias, with excellent results. 相似文献
8.
In this study, thirty-eight patients with a variety of upper abdominal diseases were examined with three-dimensional time-resolved
MR angiography (7 sec/data set). Visualisation of arterial and venous anatomy was excellent in the majority of patients. Moreover,
subtraction images could be calculated and organ perfusion could be assessed. It is concluded that this technique opens new
perspectives for a comprehensive evaluation of vascular and parenchymal disease.
Received: 14 April 1998; Revision received: 23 October 1998; Accepted: 9 November 1998 相似文献
9.
The pathogenesis of ALS may be related to increased glutamatergic excitotoxicity. The striatum receives massive glutamatergic input. Animal studies suggest that glutamate decreases striatal D2-receptor synthesis. In drug-naive, sporadic ALS patients we demonstrated decreased striatal D2-receptor binding in vivo that could be partially reversed by the glutamatergic transmission blocker riluzole. Our findings support the glutamatergic excitotoxicity hypothesis in sporadic ALS. 相似文献
10.
Conny J. van der Laken Otto C. Boerman Wim J. G. Oyen Marjo T. P. van de Vent Roland A. M. J. Claessens Jos W. M. van der Meere Frans H. M. Corstens 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1996,23(11):1531-1535
Recently, we demonstrated that radiolabelled interleukin-l (IL-1) specifically accumulates in focal infection in mice through interaction with its receptor. Unfortunately, systemic side-effects of IL-1 limit its clinical application. We investigated whether this problem could be circumvented by using the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-Ira), an equally sized protein that binds to the same receptors as IL-1 without induction of biological effects. Biodistribution of125I-IL-1 and125I-IL-Ira was determined in Swiss mice withStaphylococcus aureus-induced abscesses in the left calf muscle at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h after injection of either 0.4 MBq125I-IL1 or 0.4 MBq125I-IL-Ira. In vitro, the proteins displayed similar binding characteristics. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed a tendency for IL-Ira to associate with serum proteins. Both proteins rapidly cleared from most organs. However, the abscess uptake of125I-IL-Ira was significantly lower than that of125I-IL-1 at all time points (48 h p.i.: 0.06±0.01%ID/g vs 0.60±0.04%ID/g;P<0.02). The abscess-to-contralateral muscle ratios did not exceed 15.5±2.9 for125I-IL-lra, while the ratios for125I-IL-1 reached 46.9±5.7 at 48 h p.i. Despite similar in vitro receptor binding, the abscess uptake of IL-Ira was much lower than that of IL-1. The interaction of IL-Ira with serum proteins in vivo may reduce its availability for receptor binding in the infection. Although on theoretical grounds IL-Ira is very interesting, these characteristics will prevent its development as a clinically useful radiopharmaceutical to image infection. 相似文献